Jon Benet Ramsey essays

Jon Benet Ramsey essays The story was on every news station. A entire country watched as CNN reported the breaking news story about a 6-year-old beauty queen who was brutally murdered on Christmas night, 1996. As the days passed, the story developed. An investigation full of inconsistencies left the Ramsey family, along with the rest of the country, questioning the truth behind the murder of this young child. There are many versions to the story of what happened on that fateful Christmas night. According to 911 reports Patsy Ramsey (JonBenets mother) made an emergency call on December 26th at 5:45 a.m. According to the 911 recordings, Mrs. Ramsey reported that JonBenet was missing and she had found a ransom note. Once the police arrived, they conducted a courtesy search of the Ramsey home. Upon entering the basement, an officer found the dead body of JonBenet Ramsey (Maloney and OConnor). The release of the full transcripts of the emergency call show that the inconsistencies of this murder investigation started at the very beginning. In order to understand the 911 call better, the investigators asked the Aerospace Corporation to make the muffled noise that was heared before Patsy Ramsey could hang up the phone, clear enough to interpret. This is what was discovered: Patsy Ramsey: Help me, Jesus. Help me, Jesus. John Ramsey: Were not talking to you. Burke Ramsey: What did you find? This newly discovered part of the call may not seem like much, but investigator Steve Thomas states, The Ramseys would repeatedly tell us that their son [Burke] did not wake up at any point throughout the night of the crime, (Thomas and Davis 15). Investigators that first arrived at the Ramsey home also noted that there were no signs of forced entry, nor were there any footprints in the snow that surrounded the home. To further add to the suspicion of what actually occurred, cri...

How to Make a Mini-Flamethrower With Citrus Oil

How to Make a Mini-Flamethrower With Citrus Oil Are you looking for a way to play with your food and play with fire at the same time? This project is the perfect solution, plus its very, very easy! Citrus Fire Materials Citrus fruit (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, tangerine... you get the idea)Flame, as from a candle Make Citrus Fire! Peel off a strip of citrus fruit.Snap the peel between your fingers, peel side toward the flame. You want to squirt a tiny amount of oil from the peel or rind toward the flame. Ive uploaded a YouTube video so you can see what to expect. How Citrus Fire Works The oil from citrus fruits is volatile and flammable. When you squeeze the oil out of the fruit peel it vaporizes enough that you can flash your flame. It is primarily the D-limonene in the citrus oil that vaporizes and ignites. The flash point of limonene is 50Â °C. Limonene is used as an orange flavoring, a cleaner, and may have use as a biofuel. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Case Study-Ethical Decisions Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

-Ethical Decisions - Case Study Example As Crank (2003, pp. 329-331) points out, the first point of ethical formalism is that one should act in such a way that the behavior could be considered as universal. Now it becomes evident that it is not possible for Robert to further relax the parole criteria as he is convinced that further relaxation will result in the release of potentially dangerous criminals. So a further relaxation is not the right way because releasing dangerous criminals in order to empty correctional facilities is not a universally acceptable principle. The second principle is that one should not treat others as a means to an end. In this particular case it becomes evident that Robert and his parole board are being utilized by the government as a means to an end, thus, the act is unethical; the government tries to reduce overcrowding in prisons by forcing Robert to take unethical steps. If Robert decides to relax parole criteria trying to empty prisons, he will use the general public as a means to meet his own end. It is obviously so because in the case of further relaxation of the parole criteria the safety of public is compromised. The third principle is that one is free to choose how to behave and his autonomous behavior is to be independently judged on basis of Ethics and Moral Codes. In this case one can see that Robert will not decide to relax parole criteria if he takes a decision independently as he is sure that such a step will negatively affect public safety. So an autonomous action in this case would result in a decision not to relax the criteria. Admittedly, the responsibility of the parole board is to make judgments about the suitability of prisoners for their coming back to society. If this is the...Thus, the benefits of taking a decision to release inmates for community-based work on the ground of security guess work are plenty. First of all, it satisfies the existing security officers as they feel that William can protect their security and dignity. That means they wil l not take unnecessary leaves because of the perceived threat for their lives; firstly, due to the reduced inmate population and, secondly, due to th...

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The pizza lovers are found in mostly the high and middle-class, income-earning families. In all these classes it is mostly the children, boys and girls, aged between 12-19 years who love pizza. According to Derek Thompson, in the Atlantic Magazine, there are many Pizza eaters in this age group than any other group in America. Based on these findings it is clear that Peter piper website is creatively developed to appeal to this group. Thesis: While Peterpiperpizza.com website’s main aim is to target many Pizza lovers, it also uses strategies such as creative site designs, pictures, addresses and elements of persuasion such as ethos and logos to attract customers. Peter Piper Pizza website layout is quite easy to navigate. The homepage of the website is full of different, but relevant colors. The homepage has five main menu items. These menu items are: locations, menu, parties, coupons and community. When one navigates to the home page of the website, at the extreme left just, before the navigation menu, there is an organization logo. Other features that capture a viewer on navigating to the website’s homepage are the images of a pizza and a compass. At the right side of the page another more visible feature is a pane that has three links (PeterPiperPizza). These are links with names such as order online, plan a party and fundraiser. At the extreme right bottom of the page there is the image of mobile phone which might also attract a user to the page despite the text next to it being a little less visible (PeterPiperPizza). Peterpiperpizza.com as per the name suggests on the homepage, generally gives a first time visitor an idea of the services the organization offers. The designer of the website decision to use the orange color on the website is a good idea as it blends very well with the pizza images. Aristotle described the term â€Å"logos† as an element of persuasion which uses logic words or

Pilgrimage Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pilgrimage Analysis Essay Pilgrimage is the name given to a spiritual journey. There is more depth to a physical journey. It is about what it means spiritually to the individual. It is an emotional and spiritual journey. It is a journey from the heart showing love for God. The definition of true is loyal so a true pilgrimage is a journey you take to show loyalty to God. To become a pilgrim, the person must leave their home and undertake a sacred journey, which may confirm and strengthen their personal beliefs in their religion. People can go on this journey alone or in a community. Many places in the world are very exceptional for Christians. Some are places where Jesus lived, such as Nazareth. Other places are special because a holy person is buried there. Many Christians go on their pilgrimages to Lourdes and Rome. People go on journeys to these special, religious places to order their lives in terms of what is good, beautiful and true. Christianity is a journey into Christ a journey that mirrors every Christian mystery through life. As a Christian grows and changes, so he or she tries to move nearer to Christ. A believers ultimate hope is to be completely at one with him in eternity, when on the journey, Christians may use the physical act of pilgrimage to help them to focus on the need for spiritual nourishment. People go to these places of worship as here they believe they can fulfil their beliefs, and show their devotion to their religion. They are making a holy journey. We call those who go on these special journeys pilgrims. They do not have to do this, there is nothing in the Bible which tells Christians that they must make pilgrimages. It is their decision made freely. Many people regard Lourdes, as a place of miracles and of wonderful and unexplainable events. A young girl called Bernadette had a vision of the Virgin Mary countless times and in these visions, Bernadette, was told how to find a natural spring. Many Christians go as they are ill and hope to be cured. But others go for the same reasons that they go to church. Another reason to go on a pilgrimage is to feel some of the holiness of the place and become closer to God. By becoming closer to God, we can feel like better Christians and this should help us to become better Christians and do as God intended us. People also go on pilgrimage to seek Gods forgiveness for the sins that they have committed. Some people go to ask and receive Gods help, like people who have an illness or are disabled in some way, may ask for a cure to heal them. People can also ask to be healed spiritually, as coming to their pilgrimage centre may make them realise that they have not been leading a good Christian life and it may make them change into good Christians. Rome is another main pilgrimage centres for millions of Catholics. In Rome, there are 7 pilgrim churches founded when the Roman Empire became Christian. People have been coming to Rome on a pilgrimage for the past 1600 years. The Church of St. Peter was built on top of the tomb of St. Peter who was the leader of the 12 apostles and the first ever Pope. St Pauls church was built on top of the tomb of St. Paul, the great Christian missionary, who wrote most of the epistles in the New Testament. Rome is the home of the Pope and the Vatican is the headquarters of the Catholic Church. A pilgrimage to Rome is very special as it is the home of the Roman Catholic Church. Lourdes is a Pilgrimage centre which is much more recent, but it still receives over 2 million pilgrims a year. Water is a very special part of Lourdes a here there are the baths where you are fully immersed in Holy Water. You feel as if you are being cleansed of your sins, like a believers baptism as you are fully immersed in water like Jesus was fully immersed in the water of the river in Jordan when he was baptised by John the Baptist. Question 2 Many Christians believe that it is very important to go on a pilgrimage as it helps them develop into better Christians. As they go to the special, religious centres they become closer to God and begin to understand the religion more. By praying to God they become much closer, and their beliefs about the religion are greatly strengthened. The pilgrimage centres really have a great affect on the person spiritually. By getting away from their normal lives Christians who go on pilgrimages to Lourdes or Rome are filled with a special feeling of belonging when they go to a pilgrimage centre. At these special places Christians feel much closer to God as they are at special places where religious events have occurred in the past. Some people go on pilgrimages as groups, where they can help others who are less fortunate than themselves. Certain groups take children who arent so fortunate on pilgrimages to places like Lourdes and let them become closer to God. By doing this they are helping Jesus, as Jesus said anything you do to your neighbour you do unto me. People who may have turned away from the religion could also have their spirits renewed and change as a person to being a good Christian. Some people also feel that they can see their vocation when they come to a pilgrimage centre, which shows the huge affect that pilgrimage centres have on people. When people come on pilgrimages they leave homes behind and decide to forget all comforts and put God first. They are showing by going to these pilgrimage centres, their devotion to God and that their main aim in life is to be a good Christian rather than make money and have fun. They show that their main aim is on God and making God happy. Christians also come to Lourdes and Rome to ask questions, to ask questions about Christianity and how they can become a better Christian and make God happy. Christians also enjoy coming together and going on pilgrimages as then they are surrounded by many people who are like them, all on a journey to strengthen their religious beliefs and become better Christians. Christians also come to pilgrimage centres as they wish to ask God for his forgiveness for all there sins, and by coming on a long journey to a pilgrimage centre they can show to God that they truly are sorry for their sins and that they want to be better Christians. They can also show that God is most important to them as they are coming on a journey to show their devotion to him. The spring St. Bernadette had found was holy and had great healing powers. Now many people visit Lourdes and drink or bathe in the holy water. Many people have miraculously been cured of illness after visiting Lourdes. In Lourdes there have been many specialised things made to accommodate people suffering illness or those who have disability. The people who a go there to pray for themselves and to pray for others. Some pilgrims, who go there, volunteer their time when they are not praying to people who are less able than them. I have been to Lourdes myself and when I was there the feeling of Holiness was unbelievable. Just being there made me feel as If I was cleansed of all my sins, and I truly felt closer to God and being their strengthened my passion towards my religious beliefs. Question 3 After being to Lourdes myself I feel that the pilgrimage centre has become too commercialised. So many people are trying to make money out of the religiously spectacular area it has taken some of the special feeling away from visiting Lourdes. The point of going on a pilgrimage is to get away from our normal lives where all we think about is work and money and spend time concentrating on God and putting our religion first. By setting up shops around the area we are tempted to purchase items, which takes away the precious feelings of visiting Lourdes. The area around Lourdes is meant to be tranquil and peaceful and reflect the image of Christianity, but having loads of shops around the area provokes the town to turn into a busy, messy area where crime can increase and there is a lot of disrespect for the holiness of the pilgrimage centre. However, if a person does visit such a spiritually healing place like Lourdes naturally they would like to be able to take home with them a souvenir to remind them of their time in the area which changed them so much into a better Christian. Many people purchase items which are very special and can be used as aids to prayer, which makes them better Christians as this would bring them closer to God. If these special items do bring them closer to God then they are sacred items and are very precious. When I went to Lourdes I did purchase special items from shops in the area which I have used as aids to prayer and have in my house looking over me, protecting me. But I still feel that the area around Lourdes has become to commercialised as there are so many shops and some of the items sold in the shops are not very sacred and can bring down the preciousness of Mary and Jesus as they are not very respectful.

Poetry and Sex Essay -- Sex Sexuality Poetry Poems Literature Essays

Poetry and Sex Since the beginning of human existence, there has been once practice, one instinct, one single obsession that we cannot escape. Some may call it necessary; others say it’s a gift. It can be controlling, enlightening but it’s oh so powerful. It isn’t the need for food, safety or shelter. It isn’t love nor greed nor vanity, but sex, ladies and gentlemen. With the evolution of human communication poets have been using the power of words to describe the practice of sex, and the emotions that come with it. As a guest speaker invited to this years festival, I have explored how sex is expressed through poetry from a multitude of cultures and eras. It has become apparent that the traditions and values of a society shapes the form, right down to the style of language and words used, of poetry from its respective era. While values have and will continue to change, sex is a universal practice, and therefore a universal theme of poets the world over. To demonstrate this, I will analyze three poems: ‘Kubla Khan,’ by Samuel Coleridge, ‘Sexual Healing,’ by Marvin Gaye and David Ritz and ‘Adultery’ by Carol Ann Duffy. Although all poems have the same central theme of sex, the way they express it differs quite radically. In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree: Where Alph, the sacred river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea. These are the opening lines of Kubla Khan, in which the era of its poet is made clear. Samuel Coleridge was from the Romantic period, an era in which freedom, simplicity and the humble life were reflected through poetry. Above all else though, Romantic poetry featured a strong presence of nature, wild and untamed, the oppos... ...ncerning sex became more open in manner as the years went by. The protest against sexual brutality in ‘Sexual Healing’ would certainly not have been acceptable even two decades before its time, let alone 200 years. Further exposure to lust and sex in the media led to poems such as ‘Adultery’ being written. This poem’s acceptance in contemporary society displays a progression of international maturity in regards to sex, but at the same time the loss of modesty. Ultimately, all poems have differing representations of the same theme, which is shaped by the society of its era. William Wordsworth once said that ‘poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.’ Lust and sex are among the most powerful feelings that human beings are capable of, and there is no doubt that poets will continue express their passion, elation or anguish on this subject.

Curley’s Wife Essay

Explore the ways Steinbeck presents one or more minor characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’ In this essay I will be giving you an insight on how Steinbeck presents one minor character in the novel, Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck wrote the novel in 1937 the novel is set on a ranch in the Salinas Valleys in California during the Great Depression due to the Wall Street Crash in America. America’s stock market crashed and many people ended up unemployed which led to them leaving their families to look for jobs around America including some of the characters in the novel.My essay is focused on Curley’s wife and I will be discussing the ways Steinbeck presents her appearance, personality, dreams and the ranch worker’s views her. Steinbeck presents Curley’s wife as a flirtatious woman and attention seeking towards other men. This is shown on (page 53) â€Å"She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red o strich feathers roughed lips, wide spaced eyes, with red fingernails†. This quote foreshadows and signifies that Curley’s wife will have sexual feelings to other men throughout the story because of the ways she appears and acts.Steinbeck also presents her wearing the colour red throughout the story. The colour red is a colour synchronised with danger this shows that people should keep away from her because she may be dangerous. The colour red can also be synchronised with love and romance this means that she could be flirtatious towards other men and she also can show love towards them. This is why she dresses this way it also suggests to the reader that Curley’s wife acts seductively towards other men because she dresses up in a seductive way so she can catch the attention of other men on the ranch such as George and Lennie.She dresses that way because she is a tramp and they like to seduce other men towards them despite having a husband called Curley. This also shows that she is not really loved by Curley because she needs other men to catch her attention and body. She also could be found innocent â€Å"wide spaced eyes† this is something which she cannot help. The worker’s on the ranch view Curley’s wife in a negative way. Evidence to support this is â€Å"I seen em’ poison before, but I never seen no piece of jailbait worse than her â€Å"Said George (to Lennie).This quote suggests that Curley’s Wife is unsafe to be around because she is â€Å"Jailbait† meaning she is a young woman considered in sexual terms. This shows that Curley’s wife could land Lennie in jail due to her being presented in that way. Due to Lennie calling her â€Å"Jailbait† this means that the reader is supposed see Curley’s wife in a negative way. This would also make the reader predict that Curley’s wife would be dangerous, trouble and bad as the story progresses. George also says â€Å"worse than her† this is suggesting that she is the worst jailbait he has seen.The reader also learns that they have encountered a problem like this before â€Å"I seen em’ poison before† this shows that they have come across another women like this before. We see this in the introduction  In Weed, Lennie â€Å"pets† a girl’s pretty dress and frightens her away which makes George and Lennie run out of town due to people chasing them. This quote may be prejudicing the reader because before the reader has actually learnt much about the character they are already presenting her in a negative way.This is because women were not seen as important in the 1930s and they had no rights therefore women were not well-respected so men could just talk about women in that manner. Steinbeck presents Curley’s wife in a provocative way so she can be noticed. This suggests that she uses provocative body language, ‘she put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward’. This is her flimsy excuse to be with the men on the ranch. She both talks and acts playfully and flirtatiously in front of the ranch workers.She behaves in this manner because her sexuality is her only weapon to gain attention. Therefore this makes her body as an object because by using her body she can be noticed. Loneliness is a major theme in the novel. This suggests that she does this because she is lonely; she is the loneliest character in the story. She is also the only woman character so she needs company by anyone. Her husband, Curley does not really love her and she does not love him. Several times throughout the story she does this she says she’s looking for Curley but really that is just an excuse to be with other men.Steinbeck makes great use of isolation; it is shown throughout the story. Curley’s Wife is a character who is isolated. This shows that she is isolated because she can’t really go anywhere nor do much on a ranch so she needs people to keep her busy so her time can pass by. The main theme of the novel is ‘The American Dream’. Like many characters in the book, Curley’s wife also has a dream. She dreams of being a film star. Steinbeck makes very good use of dreams throughout the novel. Steinbeck uses context ‘The American Dream’ to present Curley’s wife’s dream.This can be shown in chapter five on (page 125) â€Å"Could ‘a been in the movies an’ had nice clothes- all them nice clothes like they wear. An’ I could ‘a sat in big hotels and had pitchers took of me. This quote shows that ‘The American Dream’ is important context here. ‘The American Dream’ states that anyone can achieve anything they dream of in America. However, for Curley’s wife, like lots of ordinary Americans, this does not turn out to be reality. She also repeats â€Å"I couldaâ €  this suggests that it could have been but now is no longer a possibility.Instead being in Hollywood she is stuck with her unloving husband Curley who does not really care for her. This may be the reason she is always attention seeking around the ranch so she can get noticed because her dream was to be noticed and â€Å"had pitchers† took of her. Steinbeck presents her in regret who has failed in life. In addition she talks about how she wants people to take pictures of her so she can be famous. She also says this before Lennie kills her this suggests Steinbeck’s view of the pointlessness of dreams.

Batman vs. the Bull

You might say that he Is collecting nonsense which Is Just for fun because he Is a child playing a child's game. He Is running through a forest collecting the rubbish. In fairy tales forests are usually a place where everything can happen. It Is a place where the hero Is away from home and I not In control of things happening. It Is also a place for change. Running through the forest Casey meets a man. The man seems to know where Casey can find more rubbish to win the game. Casey takes his hand and follows the man in the belief that there is more rubbish to be found so that he can win over the other children.Sticking to the idea that the rubbish he is collecting is nonsense which is just for fun as in a child's game, Casey is following the man searching for more time to add to his childhood. Going further and further into the forest Casey finds out that there is no more rubbish and that the man has been lying to him. Casey turns around and runs away from the man who is following him. Case's attempt to reach the safety of the garden from which he came fails. He has passed a point of no return in his process of growing up. He is no longer allowed into the garden of safety and childhood.When the man catches Casey he turns into a lull. â€Å"The man was engorged, muscles ripping his clothes and meat spewing out of the torn seams. Two great horns curled out of his forehead, and his eyes filled with black ink. His shoes disintegrated as the cloven feet within split the leather† (II. 97-100). A bull is one of the shapes which the Greek mythological creature Pan is able to turn into. Pan is particularly known for having seduced several women. He is often associated with sexuality, lust and fertility: â€Å"The bull was right over him, his enormous balls swinging between his legs† (II. 101-102).Pan does also appear In the happen of the devil which the bull is described looking a lot like with the two curled horns on his forehead. The devil is tempting the boy into growing up, and Casey Is trying to stay a child forever. You cannot however stay a child forever, and now the bull Is forcing him to grow up by Introducing him to sexuality. Trying to make the bull let go of him, Casey pulls out his penknife key ring. This Is a symbol of his penis which at this point is very small and Ineffective, because he Is still Just a child. He has not yet grown up and experienced his own sexuality. Up until now the penis has only been for peeing.Casey finds out that the penknife does not work the way he wants It to and therefore he pulls out his samurai sword. This phallus symbolizes that Casey has now grown up and experienced sexuality. HIS penis has grown Into a better functioning weapon to handle life with. Casey kills the bull with his samurai sword which symbolizes that he has grown up and taken over the power of sexuality. After the house and the garden from where he originally came. Casey however chooses to walk the other way symbolizing that he is now a grownup. He turns his back on childhood because no one can stay child forever.

Free Essays on Franz Kafka

In 1913 one of the most famous novelists and short story writers had his first official novel published. This may seem like a long time ago for many, but if you were to take a look at the history of literature you could come to the conclusion that this is very recent. This man based most all of his writings on personal experiences with a little bit of fantasy intervened with them. This man was Franz Kafka. Kafka was born on July 3, 1883, in Prague, Bohemia. His parents were Herman, who he worshipped, and Julie Kafka. Herman was a merchant and manufacturer and Julie was into education, she was very intelligent. Kafka was born into a rich Jewish-Czech family. Franz had two older brothers who both died in their child hood. He also had 3 younger sisters, being the oldest he was left with very much. His put a French girl in charge of raising and tutoring Franz. After finishing the Volksschule he went on to law school, even though he had already made his main focus on literature. While in law school Kafka entered a story into a contest. This was the start of his career. In 1906 Kafka took a side job for an Italian insurance company. After hours he study Czech language and attended Czech discussions. He began suffering from migraines and frayed nerves so he became a vegetarian. This led him to the Cabbala, also. He became very influenced by it and felt as if he had a mission in life. He became friends with many people and so forth. It wasn’t until 1912 that he came a full-time writer. His friend, Brod, convinced him to put a book together called Observations. Then came his book Metamorphosis. For five more years his writing was inspired by his love affair, Fraulein F. B. until she married someone else and had two children. After this Kafka became very sick. During the winter of 1916-17 he began working very heavily on his novel The Trial, inspired by his latest break up, and his health steadily decreased along the way. While moving back ... Free Essays on Franz Kafka Free Essays on Franz Kafka In 1913 one of the most famous novelists and short story writers had his first official novel published. This may seem like a long time ago for many, but if you were to take a look at the history of literature you could come to the conclusion that this is very recent. This man based most all of his writings on personal experiences with a little bit of fantasy intervened with them. This man was Franz Kafka. Kafka was born on July 3, 1883, in Prague, Bohemia. His parents were Herman, who he worshipped, and Julie Kafka. Herman was a merchant and manufacturer and Julie was into education, she was very intelligent. Kafka was born into a rich Jewish-Czech family. Franz had two older brothers who both died in their child hood. He also had 3 younger sisters, being the oldest he was left with very much. His put a French girl in charge of raising and tutoring Franz. After finishing the Volksschule he went on to law school, even though he had already made his main focus on literature. While in law school Kafka entered a story into a contest. This was the start of his career. In 1906 Kafka took a side job for an Italian insurance company. After hours he study Czech language and attended Czech discussions. He began suffering from migraines and frayed nerves so he became a vegetarian. This led him to the Cabbala, also. He became very influenced by it and felt as if he had a mission in life. He became friends with many people and so forth. It wasn’t until 1912 that he came a full-time writer. His friend, Brod, convinced him to put a book together called Observations. Then came his book Metamorphosis. For five more years his writing was inspired by his love affair, Fraulein F. B. until she married someone else and had two children. After this Kafka became very sick. During the winter of 1916-17 he began working very heavily on his novel The Trial, inspired by his latest break up, and his health steadily decreased along the way. While moving back ...

Facts About Sponges (Porifera)

Facts About Sponges (Porifera) Sponges (Porifera) are a group of animals that includes about 10,000 living species. Members of this group include glass sponges, demosponges, and calcareous sponges. Adult sponges are sessile animals that live attached to hard rocky surfaces, shells, or submerged objects. The larvae are ciliated, free-swimming creatures. Most sponges inhabit marine environments but a few species live in freshwater habitats. Sponges are primitive multicellular animals that have no digestive system, no circulatory system, and no nervous system. They do not have organs and their cells are not organized into well-defined tissues. About Sponge Types There are three subgroups of sponges. The glass sponges have a skeleton that consists of fragile, glass-like spicules that are made of silica. The demosponges are often vibrantly colored and can grow to be the largest of all sponges. The demosponges account for more than 90 percent of all living sponge species. The calcarious sponges are the only group of sponges to have spicules that are made of calcium carbonate. Calcarious sponges are often smaller than other sponges. Sponge Body Layers The body of a sponge is like a sac that is perforated with lots of small openings or pores. The body wall consists of three layers: An outer layer of flat epidermal cellsA middle layer that consists of gelatinous substance and amoeboid cells that migrate within the layerAn inner layer that consists of flagellated cells and collar cells (also called choanocytes) How Sponges Eat Sponges are filter feeders. They draw water in through the pores located throughout their body wall into a central cavity. The central cavity is lined with collar cells which have a ring of tentacles that surround a flagellum. Movement of the flagellum creates current that keeps water flowing through the central cavity and out of a hole at the top of the sponge called the osculum. As water passes over the collar cells, food is captured by the collar cells ring of tentacles. Once absorbed, food is digested in food vacuoles or transferred to the amoeboid cells in the middle layer of the body wall for digestion. The water current also delivers a constant supply of oxygen to the sponge and removes nitrogenous waste products. Water exits the sponge through the large opening at the top of the body called the osculum. Classification of Porifera Sponges are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Invertebrates Porifera Sponges are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Calcarious sponges (Calcarea): There are about 400 species of calcarious sponges alive today. The calcareous sponges have spicules that consist of calcium carbonate, calcite, and aragonite. The spicules have two, three, or four points, depending on species.Demosponges (Demospongiae): There are about 6,900 species of demo sponges alive today. The demo sponges are the most diverse of the three groups of sponges. Members of this group are ancient creatures that first arose during the Precambrian.Glass sponges (Hexactinellida): There are about 3,000 species of glass sponges alive today. Glass sponges have a skeleton that is constructed from siliceous spicules.

The High Cost of High-Tech Foods Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The High Cost of High-Tech Foods - Case Study Example Moreover, another ethical issue that comes up is that of government responsibility towards the public and this is mainly because of the fact that despite numerous studies that show the dangers of GM foods for human consumption, the government still chooses to cite those studies published by companies that sell GM foods, even though these studies are more likely than not to be biased. The final ethical issue that comes up is that of Monsanto donating seeds to Haiti that are expensive to fertilize, leading to a situation where Haitians are left dependent on aid. Â  The anti-GM foods group seems to be correct in its argument that GM foods are not good for human consumption mainly because of the scientific studies that have been made that show the same result. Furthermore, the FDA has approved some GM foods only for animal and not for human consumption and this can only have been done as a result of dangers that were perceived when conducting studies. It is essential to note that there are risks which have been associated with GM foods or seeds related to them such as those GM seeds. Once planted cannot produce seeds which can be planted in the following season, meaning that even more of the GM seeds need to be bought in order to ensure that there is enough food (Caroll and Buchholtz, 2010). Such a situation, like the one shown in the study of Haiti, shows that GM makes it difficult for poor individuals, especially peasants, who live on the land, to overcome the problem of hunger and achieve food security. The cultivation of GM seeds is more expensive than necessary and this leaves subsistence farmers in a worse off condition than before adopting GM seeds.