Bilingualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bilingualism - Essay Example eaching and estimating devices for bilingualism have not yet been adequately evolved, confirmations that bilingualism is acceptable and beneficial for people point to the heading that more work be led in refining both educating and estimating apparatuses. A bilingual individual is somebody who communicates in two dialects. An individual who communicates in multiple dialects is called multilingual (Birner n.d.). As indicated by Chan (1998) the meaning of bilingualism can be discretionary because of various undertones for various individuals. Bloomfield, an American etymologist characterizes bilingualism as a local like control of two dialects. Thiã ©ry, a French etymologist characterizes a genuine bilingual as one who can consistently be taken for a local speaker by local speakers of either language. Haugen, a Norwegian-American etymologist says that bilingualism begins when a speaker of one language can deliver total and important articulations in another dialect. Diebold states its commendation that a kind of bilingualism starts when an individual starts to comprehend articulations in a subsequent language. Bilingualism or multilingualism is not, at this point an irregularity in today’s world. With the advancement of English as the worldwide language most social orders today know English just as a local language and in some cases even a local language. Many individuals, as well, particularly the individuals who work in universal circles have gotten multilingual so as to achieve their regular errands. Individuals become bilingual by procuring two dialects simultaneously in youth as on account of most nations where the mechanism of guidance is not quite the same as the local language or in situations where the instructive framework accommodates learning more than one language. Bilingualism can likewise be accomplished by intentionally learning a subsequent language, as on account of transients who need to gain proficiency with a subsequent language on the off chance that they have moved to a spot where an alternate language is utilized. So as to create bilingualism, the individual must be presented to both

Recommendation Report Essay Example For Students

Suggestion Report Essay Rules for the Recommendation Report Your groups target record is a cooperatively composed suggestion report which remarks upon the potential for either the development and support of a Web webpage (practicality study) or amendments to a previously existing page (ease of use study). This record ought to adequately intervene between the customers needs and the courses objectives for this undertaking. Your groups work ought to reflect thought of both the customers wants and assets and the classs standards for the examination and creation of an expert proposal report. Your finished first Draft of the Recommendation Report is expected Sunday, December first at 9pm. Understudies will peruse the reports in anticipation of in-class peer survey on Monday, December 2. The last draft of your suggestion report is expected by 6pm on Friday, December 6. Bearings for Submission: You ought to bring the printed adaptation of the venture to ENAD 233. The electronic rendition (and every supporting record, assuming any) ought to be sent to me (and all colleagues) by 6pm moreover. Email my duplicate to [emailprotected] du. Purposes The reason for the report is to impart legitimately to the customer, both outwardly and verbally, practical advances that its association could take so as to all the more likely use the possibilities of the Web for advancement, online business, chronicling data, or customer relations. Your proposals should center upon a couple of all around explored choices that the customer could execute right away. These choices, be that as it may, li kewise should improve the customers long haul Web interchanges plans. We will compose a custom exposition on Recommendation Report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In spite of the fact that you may need to give some consideration to strategic issues, for example, ISPs, programming programs, and so forth, your report ought not just comprise of a how-to manual for making essential Web pages. Allude the customer to such data and spotlight rather on proposals espcially fit to the customers objectives and logical setting. It is normal that all groups will present their report to the endless supply of the venture as an expert courtest and to respond for the cooperative attitude of the customer in working with Purdue University understudies. Report segments Your 7-9 page (excluding supplements), single-dispersed, full-blocked report ought to incorporate visuals all through and will have 7 principle parts: 1. Cover sheet 2. Diagram 3. Investigations 4. Suggestions * Description * Rationale * Plan 5. Cost Analyses 6. Rundown of Resources 7. Supplements Description of report segments Your proposal report, tended to legitimately to the customer, must incorporate the accompanying areas. Cover sheet Should incorporate the title of the report, the customer for which the report is delivered, the creators names, and the date on which the report is submitted to the customer. Outline Ought to give a concise portrayal of the report, including a general investigation of the customers needs and the groups proposed reactions to those requirements. Investigation Should contextualize the report inside the bigger venture. This segment ought to give a short history of your field research. This conversation ought to contextualize your groups research with the goal that the customer can all the more likely comprehend the procedure that your group followed so as to define its suggestions. Suggestions As referenced over, your group should feature a couple of reasonable alternatives that the customer can execute so as to meet its drawn out Web correspondence objectives. Regardless of whether you are leading an attainability or ease of use study, every one of your proposals ought to incorporate the accompanying 3 segments: a portrayal ought to disclose to the customer the means or activities that you are upholding. Your depiction ought to give explicit subtleties from your examination in relationship to the customers setting and needs. a method of reasoning ought to clarify the why of your help of this specific activity; disclose to the customer both why your group considers this to be as doable and how this activity will profit the customer both quickly and in the long haul. plan ought to portray to the customer the particular advances fundamental for the execution and support of this suggested activity. Your conversation ought to likewise incorporate a time span for these means. Once more, give explicit subtleties from your field research. Cost investigations Should give an examination and gauge of the cost factors engaged with your customers execu tion and support of your groups suggestions. Notwithstanding your composed rundown, your group ought to give this data to the customer as table(s) which separate the expenses for every proposal, just as for all the suggestions joined. .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f , .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f .postImageUrl , .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f , .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f:hover , .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f:visited , .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f:active { border:0!important; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f:active , .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0d2863bfab2 a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0d2863bfab2a06745b89cad1dbd9eb3f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Mac Beth EssaySome cost components to consider incorporate staff, equipment, programming, web get to, support, and so forth. Rundown of sources Should reference all inner and outside sources counseled all through the examination procedure including those sources identified with expenses and uses. These sources ought to be designed after APA or MLA style rules (simply be predictable). For guidelines, counsel Purdues Online Writing Lab. Supplements Should incorporate reports that help and upgrade your suggestions to the customer. Potential connections incorporate specialized documentation, directions, glossaries, representations of pages, a graph of potential Web page design, and so on. May likewise allude to: * Addendum, any option to a record, for example, a book or lawful agreement * Bibliography, a precise rundown of books and different works * Index (distributing), a rundown of words or expressions with pointers to where related material can be found in a report * Specifically, a book added to the furthest limit of a book or an article, containing data that is critical to, however isn't the primary thought of, the fundamental content

Biography of Georgy Zhukov, World War II Soviet General

Account of Georgy Zhukov, World War II Soviet General Marshal Georgy Zhukov (December 1, 1896â€June 18, 1974) was the most significant and best Russian general in World War II. He was liable for the effective guard of Moscow, Stalingrad, and Leningrad against German powers and in the end pushed them back to Germany. He drove the last assault on Berlin, and he was so famous after the war that Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, feeling undermined, downgraded him and moved him to cloud local orders. Quick Facts: Marshal Georgy Zhukov Rank: MarshalService: Soviet Red ArmyBorn: Dec. 1, 1896 in Strelkovka, RussiaDied: June 18, 1974 in Moscow RussiaParents: Konstantin Artemyevich Zhukov, Ustinina Artemievna ZhukovaSpouse(s): Alexandra Dievna Zuikova, Galina Alexandrovna SemyonovaConflicts: World War IIKnown For: Battle of Moscow, Battleâ of Stalingrad, Battle of Berlin Early Life Georgy Zhukov was conceived on December 1, 1896, in Strelkovka, Russia, to his dad, Konstantin Artemyevich Zhukov, a shoemaker, and his mom, Ustinina Artemievna Zhukova, a rancher. He had a senior sister named Maria. In the wake of working in the fields as a kid, Zhukov was apprenticed to a furrier in Moscow at age 12. Finishing his apprenticeship four years after the fact in 1912, Zhukov entered the business. His profession demonstrated brief in light of the fact that in July 1915, he was drafted into the Russian Army to decently serve during World War I. Following the October Revolution in 1917, Zhukov turned into an individual from the Bolshevik Party and joined the Red Army. Battling in the Russian Civil War (1918-1921), Zhukov proceeded in the mounted force, presenting with the celebrated first Cavalry Army. At the wars end, he was granted the Order of the Red Banner for his job in putting down the 1921 Tambov Rebellion. Consistently ascending through the positions, Zhukov was provided order of a mounted force division in 1933 and later was named agent administrator of the Byelorussian Military District. Far East Campaign Sidestepping Russian pioneer Joseph Stalins Great Purge of the Red Army (1937-1939), Zhukov was chosen to order the First Soviet Mongolian Army Group in 1938. Entrusted with halting Japanese hostility along the Mongolian-Manchurian fringe, Zhukov showed up after the Soviet triumph at the Battle of Lake Khasan. In May 1939, battling continued among Soviet and Japanese powers. They skirmished through the late spring, with neither increasing a bit of leeway. Zhukov propelled a significant ambush on August 20, nailing down the Japanese while reinforced sections cleared around their flanks. Subsequent to encompassing the 23rd Division, Zhukov demolished it, constraining the couple of staying Japanese back to the outskirt. As Stalin was arranging the attack of Poland, the crusade in Mongolia finished and a harmony understanding was marked on September 15. For his administration, Zhukov was made a Hero of the Soviet Union and was elevated to general and head of general staff of the Red Army in January 1941. On June 22, 1941, the Soviet Union was attacked by Nazi Germany, opening the Eastern Front of World War II. World War II As Soviet powers endured turns around on all fronts, Zhukov was constrained to sign the Directive of Peoples Commissariat of Defense No. 3, which required a progression of counterattacks. Contending against the plans in the mandate, he was demonstrated right when they endured overwhelming misfortunes. On July 29, Zhukov was sacked as head of general staff in the wake of prescribing to Stalin that Kiev be relinquished. Stalin cannot, and in excess of 600,000 men were caught after the city was enclosed by the Germans. That October, Zhukov was provided order of the Soviet powers shielding Moscow, assuaging Gen. Semyon Timoshenko. To help in the citys protection, Zhukov reviewed Soviet powers positioned in the Far East, rapidly moving them the nation over. Strengthened, Zhukov guarded the city before propelling a counterattack on December 5, pushing the Germans 60 to 150 miles from the city. Thereafter, Zhukov was made appointee president and was sent toward the southwestern front to assume responsibility for the guard of Stalingrad. While the powers in the city, drove by Gen. Vasily Chuikov, fought the Germans, Zhukov and General Aleksandr Vasilevsky arranged Operation Uranus. An enormous counterattack, Uranus was intended to wrap and encompass the German sixth Army in Stalingrad. Propelled on November 19, Soviet powers assaulted north and south of the city. On Feb. 2, the circled German powers at last gave up. As tasks at Stalingrad finished up, Zhukov managed Operation Spark, which opened a course into the blockaded city of Leningrad in January 1943. Zhukov was named a marshal of the Soviet military, and that mid year he counseled for the central leadership on the arrangement for the Battle of Kursk. Accurately speculating German goals, Zhukov exhorted taking a cautious position and letting the German powers exhaust themselves. His suggestions were acknowledged and Kursk got one of the incomparable Soviet triumphs of the war. Coming back toward the northern front, Zhukov lifted the attack of Leningrad in January 1944 preceding arranging Operation Bagration. Intended to clear Belarus and eastern Poland, Bagration was propelled on June 22, 1944. It was a dazzling triumph, Zhukovs powers halting just when their gracefully lines became overextended. At that point, initiating the Soviet push into Germany, Zhukovs men vanquished the Germans at Oder-Neisse and Seelow Heights before encompassing Berlin. In the wake of doing combating to take the city, Zhukov supervised the marking of one of the Instruments of Surrender in Berlin on May 8, 1945. To perceive his wartime accomplishments, Zhukov was given the respect of examining the Victory Parade in Moscow that June. After war Activity Following the war, Zhukov was made preeminent military administrator of the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany. He stayed in this post for not exactly a year, as Stalin, compromised by Zhukovs ubiquity, expelled him and later alloted him to the unglamorous Odessa Military District. With Stalins demise in 1953, Zhukov came back to support and filled in as appointee guard serve and later resistance serve. In spite of the fact that at first a supporter of Soviet pioneer Nikita Khrushchev, Zhukov was expelled from his service and the Communist Party Central Committee in June 1957 after the two contended over armed force strategy. Despite the fact that he was enjoyed by Communist Party General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and Soviet pioneer Aleksei Kosygin, Zhukov was never given another job in the legislature. He stayed in relative lack of clarity until Khrushchev tumbled from power in October 1964. Passing Zhukov wedded late throughout everyday life, in 1953, to Alexandra Dievna Zuikova, with whom he had two little girls, Era and Ella. Following their separation, in 1965 he wedded Galina Alexandrovna Semyonova, a previous military official in the Soviet Medical Corps. They had a little girl, Maria. The World War II legend was hospitalized subsequent to enduring a genuine stroke in 1967 and kicked the bucket after another stroke on June 18, 1974, in Moscow. Heritage Georgy Zhukov stayed a most loved of the Russian individuals long after the war. He was granted Hero of the Soviet Union multiple times in his profession 1939, 1944, 1945, and 1956-and got numerous other Soviet enhancements, including the Order of Victory (twice) and the Order of Lenin. He additionally got various remote honors, including the Grand Cross of the Legion dHonneur (France, 1945) and the Chief Commander, Legion of Merit (U.S., 1945). He was permitted to distribute his life account, Marshal of Victory, in 1969.

Review of Literature Related to Construction Equipment Management Essay Example For Students

Audit of Literature Related to Construction Equipment Management Essay Part I Presentation Presentation Today’s building contract includes endeavors requesting the hardware assets. With improvements in designing and fast expansion in the work rates, there is an expanding propensity of automation. In the current twenty-four hours situation building hardware turned into an implicit part of clasp and cost proficient structure. The physical requests to execute building work have non changed extremely a lot. The work to be done adjustments dependent on the sort of embraced, however the exercises that must be performed are comparable for various endeavors. It could be developing, principle street, barrier or force works the aggregate and sort of machines required may change, yet the interest for building gear will ever be. Development gear empowers grouped structure organizations and associations to complete their focused on attempted in a simple way. The executives of building hardware is part of general way strategies and arrangements to be embraced various organizations/temporary workers for their structure contracts and in this way will undoubtedly change from contractual worker to contractual worker. Wasteful bearing of hardware can result in low creation, inactive gear, lower utilization of hardware and so forth ; both of which can affect venture duration and cost. In this manner, it is of import for contractual workers, building executives, undertaking chiefs, and any individual straight for hardware heading to be comfortable with all the features of gear course, which at long last prompts useful and conservative utilization of proper hardware for a given occupation. Not simply is it of import for gear executives to be comfortable with this theme, it other than of import for undertaking owners, contractual worker and other hardware dependable person. Point The point of this proposal is to dissect the varying Equipment course designs followed by huge structure organizations and various contractual workers in India and to put the best example for Equipment bearing in India. In add-on with the previously mentioned objective the review will explicitly take at following features: Distinguishing the best examples of gear bearing for the Indian situation. To dissect the various reactions gathered sing the hardware bearing from various contractual workers. 1.3 Scope of Study The scope of review reaches out to general data of the contractual worker, be aftering arrangement of the temporary worker, hardware procurement and subsidizing, activity and care of the gear what's more record keeping up. The scope of the overview is non simply confined to surpass class temporary workers yet adjacent to stretched out to contractual workers in all degrees. The grounds behind this are Development gear in huge aggregate or little entireties are being associated with a wide range of building endeavors because of increment in labor rewards and switch towards motorization. Hardware course has colossal favorable position to all classs of contractual workers for convey throughing any structure undertaking inside clasp, cost and quality limitation. 1.4 Methodology: The methodological investigation utilized in this review is study strategy wherein the required data was gathered from grouped temporary workers runing in India. An organized survey was set up to move up the important data. The organized survey was readied referencing arranged books, journals and magazines on comparative subject. The survey contains requests looking for general data identified with the contractual workers be aftering for gear, decision and procurance. Questions looking for data identified with activity, care and record keeping up. Questions looking for data related supplanting judgments and arranged requests on security strategy, decision and readiness of administrators and instigation techniques for working and care powers. The poll was sent to various chose contractual workers runing all through India, The survey in the signifier of Google papers whose nexus has been sent to representatives of various houses. When the reactions are gotten, the data shared will be investigated sing all the aspects of house and its hardware heading design utilized and a hypothetical record is readied encouraging the best example to be completed which can follow up on to houses overall gain and developing. Part 2 Writing REVIEW 2.1Introduction Hardware course is a terminating ice subject in the structure business. There have been numerous examines in this field, draw a dab oning from these investigates our crew has other than chosen to work in a similar field. Many research have been made in the field sing yet there is no particular one sing the gear course designs followed by contractual workers in India. Exertion has been made by our crew to make along these lines, in view of the inquires about up until this point, a foundation has been readied. This reappraisal is gathered from journals presented by various authors on gear heading designs. They utilized distinctive methodological analysiss for work trip the activity identified with the gear course. These methodological analysiss resemble Mathematical conditions, calculation, added substance planning, survey, expectation, incitement hypothetical record, and so forth and choice with respect to the methodological investigation is given in this writing. Following are the various journals and included methodological analysiss for Equipment heading designs. 1. Diary of building innovation and course 2. Development investigate Congress. 3. The executives innovation journal. 4. Development innovation heading journal. 5. IOSR journal of mechanical and common innovation. 6. Global journal of concern and course. 7. Canada Journal of common innovation. Writing reappraisal: Let’s have a bird’s oculus position of not many of the examination archives by various scholars over the Earth. An overview was directed by Amir Tavakoli, Member, ASCE, Emmanuel D. Taye, and Mehmet Erktin explore the present structure gear strategy of the prima houses in the business. The review was made through a survey which was sent to the Engineering News Record top400 temporary workers. The review is planned to gracefully temporary workers and other invested individuals, open, private, and scholastic, with the current situation of the hardware arrangement of the top400 contractual workers. The outcomes of the survey study give generally speaking data about structure hardware arrangement in the main 400 structure organizations in the United States. Hereditary qualities In Life EssayHamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani finishes up from his study that Optimum getting ready for substantial structure gear is a basic endeavor in wining the structure endeavors. In a structure program one ought to altogether focus on the sort, figure and plan of essence of the hardware at the endeavor site. In this paper, we have contemplated the hourly creation of a hypothetical record of dozer, a wheel-type stevedore, a doormat type stevedore, a grader, a crawler-type excavator, a sheep’s pes roller and a smooth wheel roller ; at the site of a few Earth fill dams around Iran. Each hypothetical record was independently thought of and the site conditions were taken into history. The ostensible hourly creation of the hardware was inferred orchestrating to the informations got from Caterpillar, Komatsu, and Volvo creators. The existent creation was determined fitting to the measurable informations from arranged earth-fill embankments in Iran. The determine d outcomes indicated that the existent creation of a sheep’s pes roller had minimal distinction with its ostensible creation ; while the stevedore had the most contrast in existent and ostensible creation ( for example it had the most reduced hands on effectiveness ) . The authors David Arditi et.al expressed in his diary Inventions in building hardware will undoubtedly deliver significant advantages for building organizations that buy and utilization progressed hypothetical records. Enhancements in site productiveness and security, in the nature of working conditions, and in the organization s cost-effectiveness and battle can be in part clarified by these gradual developments. The discoveries of the overview introduced here propose that the pace of innovation in the structure gear industry expanded during the last 30 mature ages. This expanded pace of creation can be connected to constrain per unit zones produced by buyers conduct and to mechanical advancements in the gear business each piece great as in different ventures. The discoveries other than demonstrate that the pace of innovation has been unvarying and steady over these 30 mature ages. Despite the fact that creations in the structure gear industry are steady in nature, their total advan tages can be colossal in light of the fact that gradual developments bring about continuous advancements in stock attributes. These steady creations are primarily determined by showcase powers. Creator Stergios K. Vranakis in his reasonable hypothetical record for hardware and gear contributing judgments expressed in spite of the way that during the last two decennaries at that spot have been numerous endeavors globally ; it is still obvious that somewhat satisfactory issues refering enduring open introduction and M A ; E contributing conclusions remain unexamined and there is lack of hypothetical and functional help. The normal finish of this exploration is to connect the spread between bing writing and the course designs utilized by manufacturing houses by estimating their requests for fruitful bearing of Machinery A ; Equipment Investment conclusions Part of the estimation of this model lies in the operationalization of elements and the examination of the potential connections between them, which have non gotten the proper going to in writing, where there is no finished hypothetical record yet delineating and breaking down the connections between every one of these eleme nts. The proposed model is viewed as an

Ecological Modernization and Environmental State †Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Ecological Modernization and Environmental State. Answer: Presentation Arranging is considered as a political procedure that requires open activities and affect the constructed and common habitat. It needs to adjust various interests, requests and perspectives on the partners. Arranging prompts major changes in the manner individuals can encounter their urban areas. Chiefs need to manage the eventual fate of arranging issues to accomplish the shrewd, innovative and supportable urban communities (Legacy Leshinsky 2015). The connection between the urban communities and residents have consistently been enlivened and overseen by the difficult information on the contemporary arranging. Corridor (2014), reprimands governments for their bureaucratic practices that ruined inventiveness in 50 years or more. Likewise, he cautions from the restricted view that limits imagination and advancement in arranging as indicated by the social progress and adjusts to the adjustments in the ecological manageability. So as to respond to a basic inquiry regarding what should be possible to make great arranging, various viewpoints ought to be thought of, including the mind boggling social, financial and natural difficulties that stand up to the urban development and building urban communities. Campbell (2012), contends that the world is unpredictable, disordered, unsure and brimming with imbalances the connection among information and activity is essential to the hypothesis of arranging and practice. As the populace develops, the advancement pressure increments and the land accessible for simple assurance diminishes. The ensured land permits residents to keep on existing. It could be isolated into two gatherings as indicated by their good ways from the metropolitan regions. The territories close to the metropolitan zones ordinarily appreciate high political help. Be that as it may, individuals in country regions are viewed as the significant explanation behind the urban extension and termination of the rustic areas(Hamin 2002). The enthusiasm for the job of provincial and neighborhood elements in development the board has seen an expansion in the most recent decade. The nearby offices were made to ensure open spaces, oversee urban development and organize between the endeavors of individual provinces Bengston et al. (2004). The accompanying segment talks about the writing survey of urban development the board. It begins with the estimation and examination between the neighborhood plans arrangement content and the advancement controls, at that point it talks about the urban guideline, lodging gracefully and moderateness, trailed by the issues of urban space and the contemporary arranging draws near lastly it explores the lodging and urban change under neoliberalism. Estimating and looking at the arrangement substance of nearby plans and advancement controls Nearby plans are viewed as normal apparatuses among the world nations, not at all like the various methodologies that manage the improvement control and arranging issues. The nearby plans are typically led by the neighborhood authority represented by the administrative structure and forced by the top levels in the state. Huge outcomes were accomplished from the correlation between the plans actualized by the nearby specialists and the physical results on the ground. Testing this supposition that was made by the arrangement assessment look into so as to gauge the conformance of the yields of the arranging procedure. The assessment research should be possible through substance investigation or studies (Gurran, Gilbert Phibbs 2015). Another measurement to the arranging procedure is the cooperation approach, it includes open support of an assortment of residents. It is normal that the support presents the network interests in a vote based way. To guarantee that the interest is viable, it must have expansiveness and profundity through the inclusion in each phase of the procedure of policymaking. Expansiveness quantifies the degree to which the network individuals can have the chance to take an interest in the policymaking procedure. The profundity mirrors the degree to which the members can control the last approach results (Conroy 2004). A proposed model of urban development limit by Ding et al. (1999) accept that the pattern of urban development includes a consistent pattern of urban development. As the urban development limit prompts retention of the foundation limit and restriction of the development. Neighborhood governments can force balanced urban development limit discretely. This model gives a decent instrument to the conveyance of open administrations in the cases that minor cost estimating is inaccessible. This model didn't depict on the off chance that it has a critical appropriation that prompts an expansion in the social government assistance. Urban guideline, lodging flexibly and reasonableness Gurran Whitehead (2011) contend that the connection between the land arranging systems and the lodging value rates are because of the detailing of the vital spatial arrangements. These approaches occur through land, foundation, acquisitions and coordination that prompts expanded lodging costs. The contention of Gurran Whitehead (2011) drives us to consider the political discussion and its impact on the lodging utilization and creation levels. The political hypotheses of administrative catch help with clarifying the reasons that lead the approach producers to take activities that appear to be against the open intrigue. The catch hypothesis accept that the political intercession isn't sufficient to take care of the issues of market disappointments as the restraining infrastructure conduct, the dangerous utilization of private financial force and high rivalry (Gurran Phibbs 2015). Reher (2012), relates the development in urban wanting to the ramifications of the segment progress that lead to the social and financial changes. A portion of these progressions occurred on the total degree of the general public and others have influenced the people just, as follows: Fruitfulness decrease prompts changes in the age structure that influences the general extent of youthful and working age populace. It likewise yields a long life age, little family size and decreased creation period. The times of high populace development much of the time agree with influxes of movement that make weight and shape the world socially and financially. The more drawn out future has brought about more noteworthy interests in the human capital as far as better training and wellbeing. Bertinelli Strobl (2007) have thought about the association between the urban aggregates and the financial advancement in the creating nations, as they have developed from rural to assembling and administration economy. He has talked about the expenses related with individuals focus in urban areas called the 'clog costs'. Manageability issues and natural issues drove the organizers to think about the significance of the green belt. Specialists have driven the top-down methodology of the state-drove arranging since the 1950s. The worry of organizers towards nature has moved from the conservation of the scene to a technocratic concern. Maintainability prompts environmental safeguarding of green spaces. Then again, the idea of social equity contends that the green belt limits the turn of events and could hurt the general public. The land flexibly is probably going to therapist and causes lack in lodging gracefully and drives costs to build (Amati Taylor 2010). These contentions lead to the quandary of pushing the natural supportability and the accessibility of moderate lodging. Schuetz et. al, 2011, has examined the possibility of inclusionary lodging and the legislative guidelines related with it. This methodology centers around the need of offering moderate lodging across neighborhoods in specific locales. Open awards and motivating forces, including an assessment credit for low-salary zones, are viewed as the wellsprings of account to the reasonable lodging. To guarantee decency, the fundamental attributes of the inclusionary zone programs decide the pace of the successful assessment and its effect on the costs of lodging area and lodging creation in the inclusionry zones. A portion of these projects are wanted to apply to the private improvements extensively and different projects are an award for fundamental territories of advancement chose by the land space, structure and the task size. As the measure of allotments increment, the lower the severity the inclusionary zones program will be and the lower the expense rate in examination with programs witho ut any exclusions. Gurran Ruming (2016), contend that the deliberate impetus models that manages the arrangement of the reasonable lodging rely upon showcase entertainers that are difficult to be anticipated. The arranging framework is considered as a significant instrument to guarantee that the reasonable lodging is all around situated comparable to the accessibility of other social administrations and work openings. Urban space issues and contemporary arranging draws near The legislatures have attempted to discover approaches to manage the ramifications of the worldwide monetary emergency by utilizing various instruments to manage them. The social, financial and social changes ought to be considered as the monetary emergency has influenced nonindustrial zones. Appropriately, urban areas need to think distinctively and make better approaches to manage the new changes inventively. Urban arranging centers around land utilize more than the social elements that happen in urban communities. As per Deffner Vlachopoulou (2011), the fundamental thought of imaginative urban areas is about the technique utilized in the urban key arranging and the manner in which the residents plan, think and live in these urban communities. This kind of urban communities interfaces the arranging procedure to the urban culture, relaxation, media and exercises. Urbanization can't exist without industrialization. The idea of modernization includes the basic and institutional procedures of changing from customary strategies for creation to current techniques that mirror the lifestyles. Modernization happens through the financial advancement that energizes the social and political turn of events. The two essential devices received by the modernization ways of thinking are ev

Dora the Explorer

Dora the Explorer Zaira, an 11th grade student from Brownsville, Texas (the tip of Texas, by the border), designed this banner. She is considering studying Course 16: Aerospace Engineering in college. Her hobbies and interests include Harry Potter (yes, shes still mourning), graphic design, space, science, reading, and, yes, singing in the shower. Currently, she is trying to give her addiction to papas adobadas, a kind of mexican hot Lays, but she says it is not easy. Thanks for the great banner design, Zaira!! (I totally felt like Pat Sajak as I wrote that.) Thanks for all of the comments on my previous entry about PE classes! Another factor Ill have to consider when selecting a class is whether they allow me to take photographs. I should ask my classmates sign photo releases, huh? In other news, I have found my long-lost twin, Dora. You have to admit, the resemblance is uncanny. Huge thanks to Phil 07 for the invite to the Synopsys BBQ! We were the wrong age for this event by about +/- 10 years. If you were to graph the BBQs population by age, youd see a bimodal distribution, and wed be smack in the middle of the central valley. (This central valley, not this central valley.) Phils sister and I got matching flamingoes/flamingos painted on our faces. We couldnt get a photo with SpongeBob; I think he is an ageist. Yes, these picture are brought to you courtesy of the science fair people. Shocking observation: Sir Mix-A-Lots song Baby Got Back is featured in Targets back-to-school ad campaign oh, the horror!

Presentation Skills - Free Essay Example

BUSINESS COMMUNICATION ASSESSMENT FILE TOPIC: PRESENTATION SKILLS Submitted to: SUBMITTED BY: Ms Eeshani saraswat Priyanka tewari A0101909377 Section a-02 PRESENTATION SKILLS Good presentation skills are essential in todays workplace. Being MBA students delivering presentations on a regular basis would be an important part of our job. Public speaking, even in a business setting among coworkers one see every day, can be stressful for many of us. It is important to understand certain things about presentation if we want to deliver effectively in public. COMMUNICATING WITH THE AUDIENCE: The first step in your business presentation should be to form your message to meet the needs and expectations of your audience. Ask yourself what the purpose of your presentation is and what your audience is supposed to gain from it. Write this into a timed script and ask yourself if its something that you would find appropriate if you were an audience member hearing it from someone else. Check to make sure the information you need to convey is logical and complete, yet also interesting to hear. Tone is one of the most important presentation skills. Make sure your prepared script is natural-sounding and isnt pompous or insulting to anyone in any way. Practice your script a few times a day and then make simple bullet points of key words from the script on an index card. You can then begin practicing your presentation using the bullet points to prompt you if you get stuck. Having the card beside you on the actual presentation day can be a real confidence booster. USING PRESENTATION TOOLS EFFECTIVELY: Whether youll be using something like PowerPoint or just large charts, these visual tools can enhance your presentation skills in several ways. They can help take some of the visual focus off of you and this can make you feel more relaxed. Visual tools can also make the contents of your presentation easier for your audience to understand. Even a handout with bullets outlining y our main points can help your audience gain clarity on what youre saying. Taking cues from respected higher ups at your company about which types of presentation tools to use can also enhance your corporate professionalism. ANTICIPATING AUDIENCE QUESTIONS: Thinking like your audience can really improve your presentation skills. Anticipate the questions the audience could ask at the end of your presentation and have good answers ready. Its also very important to prepare yourself for how youll answer any unexpected questions by practicing how youll respond to questions you may feel are irrelevant or impossible to answer. Again, when you attend presentations by respected higher ups in your company, take cues from them. Notice how they deal with difficult questions and apply their techniques to suit your own position and style. The Seven Laws of Presentation Skills Audiences sleep! There is one thing one really needs to know about audiences, audience interaction, handling questions o r anything else involving them: That they sleep! That is their function and your is to keep them awake and invole them during the process * Repetition is death! A gesture used over and over again becomes at first irritating and then all consuming; your audience wont be able pay attention to anything else. * Feelings are a poor indicator of how you are doing! It is really important how we feel about ourselves when we are presenting. This is the area of self-image and confidence. Here, there is also a hard route and an easy one. The hard route is to do everything yourself. To be your own critic and to monitor your own performance. This means that you have to learn to be objective about yourself. For any type of performer this takes years of dedicated work. The problem is that we are always the worst person to give ourselves advice about how we are doing. * The job is to get them to want more of what youve got! Presentation works if you impact your audience in some way. They can eve n be impacted in a way you dont want and didnt choose and the act of presentation is still working. Not as youd like, but it is still working. The point of a presentation is to get the audience to want what youve got. * When youre on, youre in charge! This means it is on you to give the direction you want to give to your delivery while presentation. * There is always a message! Everything we do communicates. The experts who study the way communication works will tell you that in your typical face to face presentation situation, the words you say are actually a very small part of the communication. How you say them will often convey more meaning than the words themselves. Passion is mandatory! If you have to present something you have no real feeling for, then you need to find something you do have some feeling for and relate it to the subject you are presenting. The reason I say passion is mandatory is simple. You can get everything else perfect, but if it doesnt have as sense of your commitment behind it, it will be dead. If its dead, I can ignore it Informative Mind Map on Presentation skills STEPS TO PREPARE AN EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION * Presentation: 1. Determine the Purpose of the objective/purpose of the presentation. a. General purpose Informative Transfer of information from speaker to audience * Persuasive Attempt to change attitude, belief, or action b. Realistically define the results expected: * Realistic in scope * Realistic in view of receivers knowledge, culture, status, etc. * Realistic in view of possible actions by receiver * Realistic in terms of what you can reasonably expect to accomplish c. Specific outcomes you desire from the communication. Very specifically complete the following: When the presentation is finished, the audience will: d. Hidden objectives of the presentation that the presenter is aware of but does not share with the audience. Sometimes the presenter has objectives that the presenter chooses not to share with the aud ience. It is important that the presenter is aware of them and prepares the speech accordingly. For example, if you were training on a safety procedure. You might have as your obvious purpose to inform the audience about the safety procedure. Your hidden objective might be to persuade the audience to follow the new safety procedure. 2. Determine and analyze the audience, occasion, and credibility  Before beginning the writing of the presentation, there are some things that need to be considered. Advanced analysis by the presenter can make a huge difference in the outcome of the presentation. e. Audience Analysis * In analyzing the audience ask some of the following questions: * Who are the  key people  in the audience? (Decision makers, etc. ) * What  knowledge  does the audience already have concerning the subject of the presentation? * What do you know about the  language level  of the audience? In general? * In relationship to the subject? * What are the cultural similarities between the audience and presenter? * What are the  cultural dissimilarities  between the audience and presenter? * What can the presenter do to minimize these? * How does the  status of the audience  compare to the presenter? * What are the  status relationships  within the audience that might affect understanding? * What attitudes do the  audience members  hold toward: * The subject? * The speaker? * What  positive attitudes  does the  presenter  have toward the audience? What can the presenter do to highlight those attitudes? * What  negative attitudes  does the  presenter  have toward the audience? What can the presenter do to de-emphasize those attitudes? * What is the  age  of the audience and what effect will it have on the presentation? * What is the predominant  gender  of the audience and what effect will it have on the presentation? f. Occasion Analysis * Do I have a choice on the  time of day? * If so, what would be the best choice? * If not, what can be done to turn the time of day into an advantage? * What is the  location? * Advantages of that location? Disadvantages of that location? * Will there be  interruptions? * What can be done to eliminate the interruptions? * What can be done to reduce the effect of the interruptions? * What is the  physical layout  of the front of the room? * What effect will the layout of the room have on the presenters notes? * What effect will the layout of the room have on the presenters visual aids? * Can the room be rearranged to improve the presentation? If so, how? * Is the speaking occasion a  special occasion? If so, should it be emphasized or de-emphasized? * What can be done by the presenter to emphasize the occasion? What can be done by the presenter to de-emphasize the occasion? g. Speaker Credibility * What does the  audience know  about the presenters  credibility  in the subject area of the presentation? * What does the audien ce know about the presenters credibility in  other  subject areas, other than that of the presentation? * What can the presenter do to enhance his or her credibility  before the day of the presentation? * What can the presenter do to enhance his or her credibility  right before the beginning  of the presentation? * What can the presenter do to enhance his or her credibility  early on in the presentation? What  clothing  would enhance the credibility of the presenter? Organization of the Presentation: 3. State main ideas or concepts the audience must get if objectives are to be met  Review the objectives of the presentation. In order to attain those objectives, what aspects of the subject must be covered by the presenter? What must the audience know in order to attain those objectives? 4. Develop the main points of the presentation  Organize the material that must be covered into a limited number of main points. Remember that in a presentation you can seldom cover an entire subject. Therefore, you must determine what aspects of the subject must be covered in order to reach your objectives. 5. Clear preview of what you want to accomplish in the presentation  A sentence that clearly previews for the listener what you are going to cover in the presentation helps the listener focus during the presentation. This sentence should be stated early in the presentation, at the end of the introduction. It helps the speaker stay focused on the aspects of the subject that are going to be covered in the presentation and does the same for the listener. This is the single most important sentence of the entire presentation. 6. Determine, gather and group together the main points you want to communicate  Group your ideas into 3, 4, or 5 main points. Dont have a long list of main points. It is more difficult for you and for the audience to remember 10 main points! 7. Determine the presentation theme or tie your presentation to the theme of the program   If you are a part of a program that has a theme, tie your presentation theme into that of the program. 8. Arrange main points in a logical order  Think through the best way to arrange your 2 5 main points. Some possibilities are: chronological (time ordered), topical (by topic), spacial (by place in space, e. g. top to bottom), difficulty (from the simplest concept to the most difficult),etc. 9. Prepare introduction and conclusion  Beginning the preparation of the speech with the introduction is difficult at best. The introduction and conclusion of the presentation should be prepared only after the main part of the presentation (the body) has been somewhat developed. There is frequently unnecessary frustration caused by beginning the presentation preparation with the introduction. 10. Selection of supporting material  Back when we were in school, we went to the library to gather supporting material for a presentation. In the business world, the support you need is f requently at your finger tips or right within your organization. Dont overlook the use of trade journals. h. Find appropriate arguments to support your main points. For each of your main points you must develop the reasons that substantiate that point. Just saying something does not make it so. You need to back up your ideas with arguments that support them. i. Select appropriate language choice. * Use proper grammar Avoid technical language that the audience may not be familiar with * Avoid jargon (language specific to a profession or field, including acronyms) * Avoid fillers (e. g. ah, um, you know) j. Evidence as support. Whether the presentation is informative or persuasive, you need to support your main points with evidence. k. Sources of evidence. * Fact * Example, real life or hypothetical * Authority, experts * Statistics l. Visual Aids as resource material. * Think through the various kinds of visuals that are available * Size of visuals. If the visual is too small, do not pass it around during your presentation. It will serve as much more of a distraction than an aid. * Handling of visuals. Plan in advance how you are going to handle your visual, when you will pick it up, how you will display it, etc. * If using presentation software, be careful to fight the tendency to put too many words on the screen at a time. The audience will tend to read the screen instead of listen to you. * Determining factor in decision to use visuals: Is presentation better with the visual? If not, do not use visual. A. Delivery of the Presentation: 11. Influence of non verbal on overall communication. More than half of what you communicate is communicated non verbally. You must make sure that your non verbal messages do not conflict with the words you say, otherwise your words will loose most of their effect. In preparing for your presentation, think about your non verbal as much as you think about the words you are to say. 12. Dealing with nervousness m. Accept tha t nervousness is very natural. Even the most trained and experienced speakers and entertainers have some level of nervousness. n. The key to nervousness is to have it work for you not against you. . Use nervousness to your advantage. Nervousness causes our body to produce extra adrenalin and therefore pumps us up for the presentation. Without nervousness you would not do as well as you can  with  nervousness. p. The difficult part is to make that nervousness work for you. Become aware of how your body responds to the nervousness and learn to control any negative effects of the nervousness. If, for example, you get extra energy that causes you to walk all over the place during your presentation, become aware of that nervous movement, control it and turn it into meaningful movement. Use it to help display enthusiasm about your subject. 13. Speaking notes  . It is strongly advised that you do not write out your speech word for word. It is usually most effective for you to work from an outline of what you want to cover. When you write your presentation out word for word, you have a tendency to read it, believing that what you wrote is the very best way to say it. You may very likely find yourself reading from your notes when you know the subject very well. 14. Eye contact  . One of the most important aspects of delivery is direct eye contact with the listeners. You should be looking at your audience at least 3/4 of the time. Keep your focus on your audience and glance at your notes instead of the reverse of that. q. Eye contact is a wonderful tool for getting feedback from your audience. An audience will communicate much to you if you are looking at them and reading their non verbal messages. r. Another advantage of eye contact is that it communicates to the audience your desire for them to pay attention to your presentation. It also makes paying attention to you much easier for them. Attention is much easier to pay to a speaker who is maintaining good eye contact than to a speaker who is looking away from the audience. s. If you were ever taught to look at the back wall, above the heads of the audience, forget that! Look right at the audience. 15. Handling of notes. t. Plan in advance where you are going to place your notes, how you are going to handle them. u. DO NOT staple your notes together. In doing so, you make it almost impossible to discretely get from one page of your notes to another. v. If you have more than one page of notes, number them. It is easy to get pages mixed up before the presentation. Numbering them gives you a quick way to check that they are in the right order right before you go to give your presentation. w. If you have more than one page of notes and are using a lectern, have two pages of notes side by side on the lectern. Then you don? t have to turn the page at one specific point in the presentation. When you are finished with the page on the left and speaking from the page on the right, you can simply slide the page on the right over on top of the page on the left. This technique gives you more flexibility. 6. Gestures  . You should not plan your gestures, or they will look planned. Instead, keep your hands about waist height so that they are free to gesture and then relax and see what happens. You might be surprised to see that you naturally gesture. And if you dont, then as long as you keep your hands relaxed and dont do something distracting with them, they will not take away from the presentation. 17. Posture  . Good postures are important but avoid stiff posture. Stand straight on both feet (which make nervous shifting back and forth from one foot to the other impossible to do). 8. Movement. Movement is good but only if it is natural for you. Be careful to watch for nervous movement that is very distracting to the audience. Continuous pacing back and forth makes it difficult for the audience to listen to you. 19. Vocal quality. If you have ever listened to a m onotone speaker, you do not question the need for vocal variety! Without vocal variety, it is difficult for the audience to listen and more difficult for them to believe that you are excited about, or even interested in, the subject. 20. Practice, practice, ractice! Practice may not make perfect, but it does increase the chance of success. When you do practice, try to create a similar physical environment to what you will have on the day of your presentation. For example, if you are going to do your presentation standing up behind a lectern, dont practice sitting in a chair. Be creative! For example, when practicing your speech in a hotel room where you surely don’t have a lectern, use the ironing board as a lectern. The closer to the physical environment of your speech, the better! Think through the possible reactions of the receiver and then practice your reaction to the various receiver reactions. Compile a list of the possible reactions of your listeners. Then, plan how y ou are going to react to them. If you do practice, you may still be surprised by a reaction or question from the audience but you will be more prepared to respond to it. Just planning your reaction to certain situations will help you react to those you did not even think of. * Handling of question and answer period 21. Restate question: Restating buys you a few seconds to think about your answer to the question. 2. Clarify vague questions 23. Answer questions directly but keep in line with your presentation objectives 24. Choose wisely questions to be answered privately, after the presentation * Time speaking is only one part of the presentation 25. Pay close attention to the way you are approaching and leaving the front of the room. Carry yourself with confidence even if you dont feel confident. 26. Think about your verbal and non verbal cues when not speaking. Be aware of the tremendous impact on your presentation that your non verbal cues can have on the audience

The Roar Of The Engine Reverberated - 2452 Words

The roar of the engine reverberated through the house as Rebecca acknowledged the presence of her grandparents. Her melancholy grandparents strode through the rusty door of one of the most exhausted houses in the neighborhood. She couldn’t bear to look at her grandfather because he reminded her of her late father so much. The slow and steady steps of her grandparents were coming towards her. Rebecca meekly put a fraudulent smile on her face so that her grandparents wouldn’t know how much grief she was in. â€Å"Becky? How are you doing? We have missed you so much,† crooned her grandma, hugging her tightly, â€Å"and we appreciate how you’re holding up even after your father’s death.† â€Å"Nice to see you again Grandma and Grandpa. I’m doing alright. Mom’s in the kitchen. You can go visit her there while I am just going up to find a picture of Dad for the funeral,† Becky answered timidly, head hanging down weakly. Whenever she went up there, she felt more connected to her father. She looks at all his stuff and she feels as if he is there himself. â€Å"Ok honey, make sure to come back in time for some cookies,† responded her grandpa with a brisk hug. Becky left quickly without even stopping to look at her grandparents’ reactions to her very formal greeting. Becky pulled down the stairs to the grubby attic with all the strength she could muster after many days filled of misery and crying. She climbed up the worn out stairs. As she slowly entered the pitch-black attic, Becky struggled to getShow MoreRelatedBelonging Essay2272 Words   |  10 Pages   came   in   waves,   their   engines   shrieking   out   hatred   towards   the   people   down    below.   Distressing   screams   reflected   the   helpless   agony   as   we   anticipated   the   booming    concussions   that   would   shortly   follow.   A   blanket   of   dead   silence   emerged,   giving   us   a    minute   of   respite†¦   Within   seconds   came   the   roar   of   approaching   engines   and   echoes   of    airborne

Barbara Walters Honors 100 Women of the Century

On Friday, April 30, 1999, ABC presented a Barbara Walters special honoring 100 Women of the Century.  Part of a trend of many other top 100 of the century or even top 100 of the millennium lists, the special was organized around the list of 100 women found in the book of the same title by Walters, published by  Ladies Home Journal, though the special didnt stick strictly to that list. The book was rich in photographs. Walters, a prominent journalist and herself a breaker of glass ceilings as a woman in that field, was famous for her specials on various topics, often interviews with celebrities.  This special highlighted those women she thought made an impact on the century. Entertainers were prominent in the special. But many women who contributed to this century in other ways were also featured.  Ã‚   Walters asked the key question: Who in the world is Alice Paul, and why should I care? Using Alice Paul to stand in for all women who contributed to history, Walters stressed the importance of getting acquainted with these women. All of them. Who did Jane Fonda say popped into her mind as the most influential woman of the century? Coco Chanel! Fonda explains: And heres why: She freed us from the corset. Some of the women featured in the book included infamous women like Madame Mao (Jiang Qing) who oversaw Chinas bloody Cultural Revolution, and Leni Riefenstahl, known as Hitlers moviemaker. Through talking about these women, Walters and her guests manage to cover the first and second waves of feminism, women who were activists for womens rights and other causes, women in film and television, women in fashion and fashions effect on womens lives and health, women singers, and more. Here is a list of women who appear or are named in the special.  I include the long list as a reminder of the many women whove had an impact on our world, in many different fields: Actresses, comediennes, and singers included: Janis Joplin, Lucille Ball, Carol Burnett, Katharine Hepburn, Oprah Winfrey, Jane Fonda, Madonna, Bette Midler, Rosie ODonnell, Vivien Leigh, Hattie McDaniel, Jessye Norman, Maria Callas, Marilyn Monroe, Celine Dion, Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Marian Anderson, Greta Garbo, Lauren Bacall ... Included also were artists Georgia OKeeffe and Frida Kahlo, photographers Margaret Bourke-White and Dorothea Lange, dancers Martha Graham and Isadora Duncan, poet Maya Angelou, and writer Ann Landers. Sports figures included  Babe Didrickson, Gertrude Ederle, Sonja Henie, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Wilma Rudolph, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, and Nadia Comenici. Aviator Amelia Earhart and astronaut Lt. Eileen Collins were listed, as was scientist Marie Curie,  fashion designer Coco Chanel,  executive Katharine Graham, and the created figure of Rosie the Riveter. Women known for their activism or political involvements also appear.  These included  Gloria Steinem, editor of Ms. Magazine, Rosa Parks, Margaret Sanger, Jane Addams, Ann Richards, Alice Paul, Helen Keller, Annie Sullivan, Carrie Chapman Catt,  Rachel Carson, Betty Friedan, Phyllis Schlafly, Marian Wright Edelman, Anita Hill (the transcript calls her Anita Thomas at one point!), Mother Teresa, Margaret Mead, Madeleine Albright. First Ladies Eleanor Roosevelt, Jacqueline Kennedy, Betty Ford, and Hillary Rodham Clinton  were highlighted, along with Princess Diana and  Hjeads of state Indira Gandhi, Golda Meir, and Margaret Thatcher. And, though she professes embarrassment to be included: Barbara Walters  herself. Has the world changed with the impact of these women? Yes. Does it need to change more? Gloria Steinem says, in the special: But the problem is that when I go around and speak on campuses, I still donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get young men standing up and saying, How can I combine career and family? Added: Jane Fonda Though Jane Fonda is not a major theme in the book or special, a long-term after-effect of the special is the email chain which has evolved over the years,  accusing Jane Fonda of betraying American POWs in Vietnam.  The emails continue to be circulated, often demanding that the 1999 Barbara Walters book or special be stopped.  Some of them have mentioned this review and its author as a supposed co-writer of Walters book.  (This author was not involved in the book, just this review.) In about 2009, the emails evolved to allege that President Barack Obama was a co-writer of the book. Information on the Book 100 Most Important Women of the 20th Century by Kevin Markey, Ladies Home Journal Books, Lorraine Glennon, Myrna Blyth (Introduction), Barbara Walters. Featured in the April 1999 Barbara Walters special, this book is heavy on the entertainers but is itself an entertaining look at the women of the century.

What is a Tree Diameter Tape

The diameter and height of a tree must be known before you can manage a forest full of trees or determine their value for forest products. A tree diameter measurement, also called dbh measurement, is always done on the upside of standing trees and demands exact measurements at a specific point on the tree. Two instruments are often used to measure tree diameter - a steel diameter tape (d-tape) or a tree caliper, a popular steel tape widely used by foresters is the Lufkin Artisan which will accurately measure the most trees in North America to one-tenth of an inch. It is a 3/8 wide steel tape with a length of twenty feet housed in a tough vinyl-covered steel case. Why Determine a Trees Diameter Foresters use tree diameter measurements (along with heights of trees using hypsometers) when determining usable wood volume in standing trees. The trees diameter is important to determine volume when trees are sold for pulp, lumber or hundreds of other volume determinations. A steel d-tape carried in a foresters vest makes for fast, efficient and accurate dbh measurements. A trees diameter can be taken in several ways depending on the required degree of accuracy necessary. The most accurate tool used in making a diameter measurement is a tree caliper and is used most often in exacting tree studies. They are too cumbersome for fast field estimations of tree volume. A third method in measuring dbh is using a Biltmore stick. This cruisers stick is a scaled ruler that is held at arms length (25 inches from the eye) and horizontal to the trees dbh. The left end of the stick is aligned with the outer tree edge and the reading is taken where the opposite edge intersects the stick. This is the least accurate method of the three and should be used only for rough estimates. The Diameter Tape and Volume Tables Tree volume tables are developed to provide an estimated volume of wood in a standing tree for a certain product by simply measuring the diameter and height. Tables are typically developed with diameters listed along the right side of the matrix and heights along the top. Running the diameter row to the correct height column will give you the estimated wood volume. Tools used to measure the heights of trees are called hypsometers. Clinometers are the height tool of choice for foresters and Suunto makes one of the best. The traditional measurement is taken at diameter breast height (dbh) or 4.5 feet above level ground. Using a Tree Diameter Tape A diameter tape has an inch scale and a diameter scale printed on a steel tape. The diameter scale side is determined by the formula, circumference divided by pi or 3.1416. You wrap the tape level around a trees trunk at 4.5 feet dbh and read the diameter side of the tape for the tree diameter determination.

Great Gatsby Vs. The American Dream Essay - 2136 Words

Great Gatsby vs. The American Dream/Materialism How do we define this ideology of the American Dream? Society has formulated this idea over time. We as people have chosen to base our lives around it and make it our goal to try and achieve something that in all honesty is just this abstract idea that we as have chosen to believe and chase over time. Due to society following this ideology, people have grown to believe that happiness can only be achieved after they have reached the American Dream. You see these advertisements for products that make you think if you don’t own that specific product than you are not going to achieve the American Dream. Media has managed to turn people into these materialistic beings that are just sitting there waiting to be told what to buy next. For my paper I will be analyzing the film The Great and focus primarily on this idea of materialism and more specifically how this American Dream myth and ideology plays into it. Why does the media want us to believe that happiness is derived from the â€Å"stuff† we buy and not the things we already have? Page twenty-four in the textbook says, â€Å"Book, films, and television shows do not just spontaneously occur: all are created as products to be bought and sold in a greater system of commodity exchange.† (Ott. 24) The film The Great Gatsby is pretty much the epitome of what the American Dream myth really is and expresses this notion of materialism throughout it. Surprisingly the film’s main protagonist is notShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe World of Imagination Dreams are an escape from reality to a world of imagination that is ideal for someone. However, we get overwhelmed with our fantasies, we lose touch with reality. In the text, â€Å"Is The Great Gatsby the Most Overrated Literary Novel of All Time,† Daniel Honan argues that the classic American novel, The Great Gatsby is an overrated novel in his opinion. Honan challenges his claim on the novel by questioning, should his book be considered an American classic? Author, F.ScottRead MoreThe American Dream : F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby739 Words   |  3 PagesMcGarry English III 3 February 2017 The American Dream The American Dream is a recurring theme in Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby. The American Dream is all about starting with nothing and making your way to achieve millions of dollars and â€Å"happiness.† In The Great Gatsby, by showing Gatsby’s tragic flaw, his belief that money will buy Daisy’s love, Fitzgerald in a way criticizes the American dream. Fitzgerald exudes this image of corruption in the American Dream through aspects of wealth, relationshipsRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And F. Scott Fitzgerald959 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the American dream? The American Dream to me would be a family, loyal husband, good paying job and most of all my health. But my perspective of the American Dream and other people/authors perspective could be viewed very differently. Frederick Douglass and F. Scott Fitzgerald both have very different views of their American Dream. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was published in 1995 by Frederick Douglass himself, his book walks through his life as a slave. Douglass was bornRead MoreIt Was Only Just a Dream in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby950 Words   |  4 PagesThe great American dream influenced the lives and literature of American history. The dream that everyone has the equal opportunity to reach their highest potential, no matter their living situation or social position at birth, is something that Americans wished to fulfill. Americans created a materialistic ideal for American life that for some was not possible to attain, and not possible to maintain. While trying to reach or uphold this ideal based on money and the social ladder, Americans becameRead MoreThe American Dream In The Great Gatsby Analysis1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald contains many themes; however, the most noteworthy one identifies the American dream. This Dream likewise speaks t o that people, regardless of who he or she is, can emerge to rich in life through their own works. The dream is spoken to with the aid of the mind of an unbiased man or woman, who strives to perform an objective to become tremendously effective. The Great Gatsby is a novel that indicates what happened to the American Dream in the 1920s, which wasRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1566 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Andres (A major theme in The Great Gatsby is the pursuit of what you make of the American dream.) 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To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis Free Essays

Themes play an important role in the novel for it presents the main dead or the underlying meaning of the literary work. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the themes are made to surface through the shared feelings and attitudes of the main characters like Scout, Gem and Tactics Finch. The characters’ thoughts and conversations, especially the ideas which are repeated in several dialogue exchanges and their actions in significant events also develop the novel’s themes. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The novel presents the oldest yet timeless conflict between good versus evil. This is evident in most situations and conversations which explored human morality and the innateness of oddness and evilness of people in the society. Tactics Finch represents the moral voice of the novel because he believes that people have aspects of both good and evil, but good will always prevail. He has never lost his faith on the goodness of man amidst the fact that man has also the tendency to do bad things. In the novel, he struggles to defend a black man of false accusation in a racist society but he never gives up and firmly holds on unto the idea that someday the truth and the good will overpower racism in their community. The same theme is manifested through the experiences of Scout and Gem. Tactics, their father, teaches them to believe in the goodness of all people and values and morals guide everyone in their actions but as the story progresses, both children are exposed to the reality that the world isn’t really that perfect. Their innocence is stripped away from them through several incidents that made them think twice of their father’s belief. Scout, in the beginning, is an innocent and good -hearted little girl who has no experience with the evils of the world but as she encounters racial discrimination in their town, she starts to get confused and questions everything around her. Gem, n the other hand, is older and in the midst Of entering puberty but the effect of the societal prejudice to a convicted black man is much graver compared to Scout’s. Gem gets frustrated and disappointed to the harsh reality that sometimes justices will not prevail. This leaves him vulnerable and traumatized in an important facet of his life. Harper Lee manages to exhibit children’s transition from innocence to maturity. She intelligently portrayed the fact that at some point in time in a significant event, children will be bound to graduate from their innocence and learn the facts about life and its imperfections. With children as the main characters in the novel, education is but obvious for a theme. In the initial chapters, the novel discusses the difference between institutionalized education and education at home. A conflict emerges as Miss Caroline scolds her for being too advance for their class. Scout gets disappointed for being punished because she is taught well in home by her father and their black servant. Miss Caroline even reminds Scout to tell her father that he shouldn’t teach his child because he doesn’t really know how to. He is in no position to teach for he is not a teacher. This conflict shows criticism to institutionalized education. This presents the conceitedness of teachers and the curriculum in providing education to learners. The system is too strict and traditional in their pedagogies thus resulting to ineffectiveness in developing and molding a child’s intelligence and ability. Clearly, Lee expresses a lack of belief in the Institutionalized educational system. Furthermore, this makes one realize that true education is not experienced in school but outside it. Education shouldn’t be limited in the four walls of the classroom; instead it should be brought out to the outside world where reality and life lessons are best learned through experience. The novel also presents moral education in question. Scout believes that she learns moral lessons best in home rather in school. Her teachers appear to be hypocritical as they teach things that are not even true in reality. Scout notices this most obviously when learning about the Holocaust. Miss Gates explains that such oppression of one group of people could never happen in the United States however racial discrimination to black people is very evident in their town. Scout sees conflict with the lesson aught by Miss Gates when she heard her talk about black people and say : â€Å"time somebody taught them a lesson, they thought they was getting’ way above themselves, an’ the next thing they think they can do is marry us. This makes Scout doubt her education and rather listen to her father than to attend school. Hypocrisy is apparent in the system. The teachers breach what they teach thus emphasizing the incompetence and ineffectiveness of instruction provided by the educational institutions. This further implies that moral education and good values are not necessary best taught in school. Sometimes, it is best learned from other places like ones home. In a town of Macomb, Alabama, Lee i llustrates the complexities of social hierarchy. The well-off Finches are near the top of the pyramid, the Cunningham family are mere farmers thus Stay in the higher bottom above the white-trash Lowell family. These social statuses greatly confuse the children especially the rules that come along with them. Because of the structure, the children are prop bibbed to mingle with other families who are lesser in standing. This frustrates them most especially Scout because she ants to choose her own friends based on her definition of what makes a good person and not because of family income. The novel presents the dilemma of social inequality. The story takes place during the Great Depression thus social standing is as important as survival. People battle with society rules and structure. Lee exhibits how injustice and partiality divides a community and hinders human interaction thus contributing nothing but negativity to the people and the society as a whole. Racism, which is closely related to social inequality, is another focus of the novel. Harper Lee creates Macomb as a town separated by race. Harper Lee shows the bitterness that remains in the whites five decades after the end of slavery. This bitterness is best illustrated by the way that the way blacks are still oppressed, not by force but by fear and suppression. California, the Finch’s servant is to be exceptionally bright, she even teaches Scout to write in script, but because she is black and a woman she cannot land a better job. The whites belittle and harass the blacks because they firmly believe that they are greater and more superior. This racial tension foreshadows Tom Robinsons case. Right in the beginning, everybody knows that Tom is innocent but because he is a black man, the prejudice jury still convicted him guilty of harassing and raping a white woman. The conclusion of the Tom Robinsons case ends with Tom being shot repeatedly while trying to escape despite his injury. Racism is considered as a social disease. It brings out the evil nature of man as prejudice and discrimination overpowers conscience and moral code. It is through this novel that people are made to understand how nobody can ever benefit from racism. It only causes the creation of walls teen people thus hindering relationships and interactions to blossom. Lee shows the significance of human perspective in the processing of events and solving of problems. The character’s outlook in life is deemed important in the development of the story and how each managed to understand the situation. In the novel, Tactics encourages Scout and Gem to be more considerate of other people and understand their situations. The children shouldn’t immediately judge as it is not fair to the others. Tactics urges his children to try to step into other people’s shoes to understand how they see he world: â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . Until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. † This lesson helps Scout gain insight into how other people view life and the world. Moreover, this broadens her moral education and social understanding. This theme was evident when Tactics requires Gem to go to Mrs.. Double’s house to read to her as punishment for cutting all the flowers in her front yard. Gem didn’t like Mrs.. Dubos and claims that she is an awful woman. Tactics tells Gem and Scout to try to understand Mrs.. Double’s point of view. She is an old woman, very set her in ways, and she is entirely alone in the world. Gem and Scout agree to visit her and from that experience, they understood how she felt because they were able to see the world from her perspective. Scout applies her father’s lesson when she meets Boo Raddled, a black man who kept himself hidden from the public because of the unjust and prejudice treatment. After she walks him home, Scout stands on Boob’s porch and imagines many of the events of the story (Tactics shooting the mad dog the children finding Boob’s presents in the oak tree) as they must have looked to Boo. She then last realizes the love and protection that he has silently offered her and Gem all along. Scout’s ability to assume another person’s perspective sympathetically is the culmination of the novel. The final theme and probably the most significant is the mockingbird which represents the idea of innocence. Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. † That was the only time I ever heard Tactics say it was a sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maude about it. â€Å"Your father’s right,† she said. â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy .. .But sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. † When Scout and Gem receive arraigns fo r Christmas, Tactics tells them that although he would prefer that they practice their shooting with tin cans, if they must shoot at living things, they must never shoot at mockingbirds. Tactics explains that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. Clearly, this is the title scene, but the theme continues throughout the book. Miss Maude explains why Tactics is correct – mockingbirds never do anyone any harm, and are not pests in any way. All they do is sing beautifully and live peacefully. Therefore, it is a sin to kill them. The mockingbird represents true goodness and purity. Tom Robinson is one example of a human â€Å"mockingbird†. He is accused of raping and beating Malay Lowell, but is innocent of the charges. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis, Papers

Databases and Information Systems Management Systems

Question: Discuss about the Databases and Information Systems for Management Systems? Answer: a: The system is expected to identify the students who are under risk of being withdrawn from the school due to poor academic performance rather than completing their course of studies. Hence, the system must record and process the following data, (Gorman, 2014) Personal records of the students, including their names, date of births, address, contact details and so on. Details of the courses enrolled by the student. Like course name, course fees, starting date, duration and so on. Details of the performance of the students in the enrolled courses. For example, credits achieved, results and so on. Weekly progress details for each enrolled course, in terms of term results, attendance and attentiveness, timely delivery of assignments and so on. It will also include details of the assignments, final project of each course and for each student enrolled in a course. b: The sources of the student, course and the performance data can be fetched from the other information systems and from different feedback forms filled by instructors, student record files from the university, performance tracking system and so on (Haav Kalja, 2013). c: The logical database design is, References: Gillenson, M. L. (2011). Fundamentals of Database Management Systems. John Wiley Sons. Gorman, M. M. (2014). Database Management Systems. Butterworth-Heinemann. Haav, H.-M., Kalja, A. (2013). Databases and Information Systems II. Springer . Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., Sudarshan, S. (2011). Database System Concepts (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Old English Terminology Essay Example For Students

Old English Terminology Essay Present days English language has changed in many ways in the past 350 to 1600 years. The way words are pronounciated and written have changed the most. I have chosen the subjects of sports and games because both have altered in both of these manners. By looking at the words I am going to describe, you will able to see how modern people have came up with our own way of saying the same item. Sports are now being called different names then when they were originated, but the games have almost stayed the same. For example, what we call two chickens fighting to the death is a cockfight. During old England, the called the same fight a Shrove Tuesday(www.regia.org/games). There were slight differentials though, in where kids would bring these angry chickens to school and the schoolmaster would control the fights. Some minor changes in the language were words like billiard, which was spelled billard (Hendrickson, page 23), or javelin, which was known as gafeluc(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/vocab). Board games were also a favorite pastime of children and adults alike. The most played games were tafl (www.regia.org/games), which was virtually checkers with a few special pieces that had more options on the board. Tafl literally meant table. Brannantafl, hnefatafl, and hraeotafl were all variations of the special game of checkers, except there were a few variations of the rules depending o n where you were in the country. Chess, however, was by far the most popular game of the time. In the 1200s, it was spelled hchestafl(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/) but it had the same rules that we use today. Other pastimes of the era included knatteleik, kingy-bats, and skofuleik, which were all violent versions of hockey and hurling combined (www.regia.org/images/Tiberius/).Some less violent sports played in about 1000 were swimming. Swimming of course had been around until man realized that he could float to a certain extent, but during this time period, swimming hit a high of participation and spectating. They also had variations in this sport too, in which you were allowed to try to drown your opponent, and if you lost you were sometimes killed or you had to pay the winner a certain wage. Other water contests included seeing who could hold their breath longer under water and having races in which you were forced into carrying things across water in full armor without help. The swimmers were known as fleotend (www.regia.org/ansaxdat/vocab/). Their want for extreme conditions reminded me of early Romans growing rowdy over gladiators who were also faced against improbable odds. Some of the more fun and interesting games that the English used to play were skin-pulling(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/). A form of tug-of-war, they used animal skin instead of a rope and they used to play over a fire, which made each man fight even harder not to lose. Though the origins of these words that I have described happened 350-1600 years ago, the actual word has not drastically changed for the most part. These sports and games were a great example of how time changes the words into current understandable words like chess and billiards.It was a great when it happened, for it showed the progress in humans to make changes to something that had been done to them, and it showed how we thought of some new exciting games such as skin pulling and the swimming competitions. All together, the world and its languages benefited between Old England and the Renaissance, helping insure, the growth of the English language. Bibliography:

Modern Monetary Policy

Introduction Globalization has made the world a global village and thus any country’s economy is affected both by its internal monetary policies and those of other countries it interacts with. Depending on the way these monetary policies are made they can work toward developing the economy of one country to the detriment of the others or promote economic growth in both the country where they are enacted and to other trading countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Monetary Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United States of America has experienced economic expansion for a very long period (from 1990 to 2000) until the last half of the year 2000 when the country’s economy growth became slow and sluggish. In order to contain the slow growth and improve the economy of the country â€Å"the Federal Reserve between mid-1999 and May 2000 raised the target for the federal funds rate to 6  ½ % from 4 ¾ %†( Labonte Makinen 7). his did not auger well as the economy growth continued to decline and thus the policies had to be loosened in order to allow more production and spending for the economy to grow. Government policies that are aimed at controlling the supply of money in the market through the Central Bank make up monetary policies. In the legislation and enacting of monetary policies several bodies coordinate together in order to achieve an acceptable money supply as not only does it affect the country’s economy but also other countries economies, which trades with the United States of America. The major banks making policies in the United States of America are however two (both the nation’s Central Bank and the Federal Reserve). In relation to the United States of America, we can define monetary policies as those policies that â€Å"consist of the directives, policies, pronouncements, and actions of the Federal Reserve that affect aggreg ate demand or national spending† (Labonte Makinen 8). Monetary policies works at either increasing or decreasing the supply of the money in the market influencing how trade and spending goes on within a country. The only unfair characteristic of monetary policies is that they are short term in nature since their enactments are usually designed only to solve a short term crisis. In short the monetary policy tries to solve economic crisis and once the normal economic environment is regained the monetary policies are also adjusted to suit the situation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Monetary policies try to solve macro economic issues such as spending, income levels, unemployment, and inflation among other macroeconomic factors. Evidence showing monetary polices trends can be described by the fact that: Between January 3, 2001, and June 25, 2003, the target rate for fe deral funds was reduced to 1% from 6 ½%. This policy was reversed beginning June 30, 2004. In 17 equal increments of  ¼% ending on June 29, 2006, the target rate was raised to 5 ¼% from a base of 1%. No additional changes were made at the three subsequent meetings. (Labonte Makinen 4) In order to understand how monetary policies work it is advisable to understand its two indicators. Indicators of Monetary Policy Money Supply A common market rule is that when the supply of a commodity decreases its demand increases resulting in increased prices and the opposite happens when the supply is high the demand decreases thus driving the prices down. This same law also applies to the supply of the money in the market. Most of the times, monetary policies are described either as easy if in influences an increased money supply and tight if its main aim is to reduce the money supply. Interest Rates In his interest theory, John Maynard Keynes argued that interest rate is monetary phenomen a determined in the money market but not influenced by savings as classical economists used to argue. He argued that not all people who save that do so with an intention of earning interest thus it should be in the monetary market where funds are borrowed and their rates determined. Thus, changes in money supply (whether an increase or a decrease) leads to an increase or a decrease in the cost of the money. The changes in interest rates are important to the government as they influence spending in an economy thus creating or reducing employment. However, experts warn that the interest rates experienced due to the changes in aggregate demand and supply of the money are not the real market rates; the real market rates should be the existing market rates less inflation rates in the country. It is thus assumed that a high economic growth reduces interest rates in the short run. Given that countries have future expectations of how inflation rates will be the fall in market rates is alway s seen as a fall in the real interest rates. However, market rates can change for other reasons for example an increase in income increases the market interest rates thus increasing the demand for money since more people can afford the money and the public expects lower inflations in future (Schabert 17).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Monetary Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How the Monetary Policy Works Monetary policies works through the following instruments which either increases or decreases the supply of money in the market as it is explained below. Open Market Operations To increase or decrease the supply of money in the market, the Federal Reserve can engage in open market operations; this involves selling and buying of bonds in the market. When the federal Bank engages in selling the bonds or securities it aims at reducing the money supply in the market to avoid inflation of the money; the opposite occurs if the federal bank realizes that the money supply in the market is less as it repurchases the bonds and the securities thus making more money available in the market and this helps in ensuring that the commodity prices remain at a stable position by increasing both the money supply and the aggregate demand (Taylor 4). Reserves Deposit Requirement The government through the federal government can also increase or decrease the required reserve deposits that the commercial banks in the country deposits in the federal government in order to control an economic problem which may be brought about by the existing economic conditions. In order to reduce money supply in the market, the Federal Bank instructs the regional or commercial banks to increase their reserve requirements; this increases the amount of money withheld and in return reduces the amount of money which can be lend to the customers thus reducing the money supply. The lowering of the reserve deposit requi red in these banks by the Federal Bank works in the opposite way. In order to meet these Fed requirements, banks lend among themselves creating a multiplier effect and the rate on such loans determines how loose or tight the monetary policy at that time (Feinman, Deschler Hinkelmann 1). Discount Rate Federal Reserve lending rates to commercial banks are described as discount rates. An increase in the discount rate makes the cost of borrowing increase thus reducing the amount of money which the Federal Reserve can lend to the commercial banks within the state. The high interest rates are transferred down to the customers and the high rates discourage borrowing thus reducing the money supply in the market (U S Department of State 28).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interaction between Central Bank, the Treasury, and the Financial System The Central Bank is a special bank within the ministry of finance but independent from interference by the executive. The bank has the mandate to preserve financial stability and enhance financial development by controlling the money supply in the market. Its’ autonomy can be described in terms of; the ability to set the terms and conditions on the items in the central bank’s balance sheet – this is essential for the conduct of monetary policy; having the means to bear any losses that arise from central bank operations and having appropriate rules to allocate profits (including rules that govern the accumulation of capital and reserves); and the ability to cover operating expenses, and in particular to set salaries (typically the single largest component of operating costs) in a manner that allows the Central Bank to attract and retain the professional talent it requires (Boehm 59). There h ave been interactions between the treasury and the federal reserve board in an attempt by the government to overhaul the regulatory system but some Fed officials were seeing it as an attempt by the government to interfere with the independence of the bank and thus there was no way they could accept. They argue that the Fed was established by the congress thus it is not part of the executive thus interference should no be expected from the treasury (Torres Schmidt 1). The interaction between the central bank, the treasury, and the financial institutions is best described in the way the monetary policies work and the role played by each. Policy Proposals Relating to Reforming the Financial System One of the proposals being forwarded by the congress is that of establishing a new systemic risk regulator bearing in mind the country is just recovering from the economic crisis. The regulator is expected to supervise the growth of the financial institutions. There has also been the proposa l of changing how the Federal Bank functions. This has not augured well as it would curtail the independence of the Federal Bank and make it prone to political interference. While many think that this will work well in the long run it may work against the goals of making the financial institutions and monetary policies effective as political interests might be fulfilled to the expense of American citizens. There have been further proposals from the House and the Senate for the creation of a Risk Based Systemic Fund whose source would be from the institutions. While the policy might be good, it is not without a flaw since it fails to address the appropriate levels through which the financial institutions can be evaluated. Other proposals have been aimed at making stricter standards on capital and liquidity requirements among the most risky institutions. As the United States of America recovers from the economic crisis there have been calls to create or establish a mechanism through w hich failing financial institutions can be rescued before they can file into bankruptcy through receivership so as to reduce the uncertainties in the monetary system (Acharya, Cooley, Richardson, Ingo 16). Finally, the executive has had interests in controlling the actions of the Fed and thus they had been proposing for law reviews which would allow the central bank become the lead regulator for all the financial institutions (Torres Schmidt 1). Conclusion From the study we can conclude that monetary policies are ways through which the government regulates the supply of money in the bank and while the policies are good they are only enacted for short term purposes as the economy is never static. Thus, policies also need to evolve and should be legislated in a way that suits the prevailing economic conditions. Works Cited Acharya, Viral, Cooley F. Thomas; Richardson, Matthew., Ingo, Walter. â€Å"Real Time Solutions for US Financial Reform.† VoxEU.org, 2009. Web. Boehm, Mos er. â€Å"The Relationship between the Central Bank and the Government.† Bis, 2006. Web. Feinman, Joshua; Deschler Jana., Hinkelmann, Christoph. â€Å"Reserve Requirements: History, Current Practice, and Potential Reform.† Federalreserve, 1993. Web. Labonte, Marc., Makinen, Gail. â€Å"Monetary Policy: Current Policy and Conditions†. CRS Report for Congress. The Library of Congress, 2006. Schabert, Andreas. Money supply and the implementation of interest rate Targets: Working Paper Series. London: European Central Bank. 2005 Taylor, John. â€Å"Expectations, Open Market Operations, and Changes in the Federal Funds Rate.† Stanford University. 2001. Web. Torres, Craig., Schmidt Robert. â€Å"Fed Rejects Geithner Request for Study of Governance Structure.† Bloomberg, 2009. Web. U.S. Department of State. â€Å"Monetary and Fiscal Policy.† Countrystudies,  2010. This essay on Modern Monetary Policy was written and submitted by user Vivid Leech to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.