The Roar Of The Engine Reverberated - 2452 Words

The roar of the engine reverberated through the house as Rebecca acknowledged the presence of her grandparents. Her melancholy grandparents strode through the rusty door of one of the most exhausted houses in the neighborhood. She couldn’t bear to look at her grandfather because he reminded her of her late father so much. The slow and steady steps of her grandparents were coming towards her. Rebecca meekly put a fraudulent smile on her face so that her grandparents wouldn’t know how much grief she was in. â€Å"Becky? How are you doing? We have missed you so much,† crooned her grandma, hugging her tightly, â€Å"and we appreciate how you’re holding up even after your father’s death.† â€Å"Nice to see you again Grandma and Grandpa. I’m doing alright. Mom’s in the kitchen. You can go visit her there while I am just going up to find a picture of Dad for the funeral,† Becky answered timidly, head hanging down weakly. Whenever she went up there, she felt more connected to her father. She looks at all his stuff and she feels as if he is there himself. â€Å"Ok honey, make sure to come back in time for some cookies,† responded her grandpa with a brisk hug. Becky left quickly without even stopping to look at her grandparents’ reactions to her very formal greeting. Becky pulled down the stairs to the grubby attic with all the strength she could muster after many days filled of misery and crying. She climbed up the worn out stairs. As she slowly entered the pitch-black attic, Becky struggled to getShow MoreRelatedBelonging Essay2272 Words   |  10 Pages   came   in   waves,   their   engines   shrieking   out   hatred   towards   the   people   down    below.   Distressing   screams   reflected   the   helpless   agony   as   we   anticipated   the   booming    concussions   that   would   shortly   follow.   A   blanket   of   dead   silence   emerged,   giving   us   a    minute   of   respite†¦   Within   seconds   came   the   roar   of   approaching   engines   and   echoes   of    airborne

Barbara Walters Honors 100 Women of the Century

On Friday, April 30, 1999, ABC presented a Barbara Walters special honoring 100 Women of the Century.  Part of a trend of many other top 100 of the century or even top 100 of the millennium lists, the special was organized around the list of 100 women found in the book of the same title by Walters, published by  Ladies Home Journal, though the special didnt stick strictly to that list. The book was rich in photographs. Walters, a prominent journalist and herself a breaker of glass ceilings as a woman in that field, was famous for her specials on various topics, often interviews with celebrities.  This special highlighted those women she thought made an impact on the century. Entertainers were prominent in the special. But many women who contributed to this century in other ways were also featured.  Ã‚   Walters asked the key question: Who in the world is Alice Paul, and why should I care? Using Alice Paul to stand in for all women who contributed to history, Walters stressed the importance of getting acquainted with these women. All of them. Who did Jane Fonda say popped into her mind as the most influential woman of the century? Coco Chanel! Fonda explains: And heres why: She freed us from the corset. Some of the women featured in the book included infamous women like Madame Mao (Jiang Qing) who oversaw Chinas bloody Cultural Revolution, and Leni Riefenstahl, known as Hitlers moviemaker. Through talking about these women, Walters and her guests manage to cover the first and second waves of feminism, women who were activists for womens rights and other causes, women in film and television, women in fashion and fashions effect on womens lives and health, women singers, and more. Here is a list of women who appear or are named in the special.  I include the long list as a reminder of the many women whove had an impact on our world, in many different fields: Actresses, comediennes, and singers included: Janis Joplin, Lucille Ball, Carol Burnett, Katharine Hepburn, Oprah Winfrey, Jane Fonda, Madonna, Bette Midler, Rosie ODonnell, Vivien Leigh, Hattie McDaniel, Jessye Norman, Maria Callas, Marilyn Monroe, Celine Dion, Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Marian Anderson, Greta Garbo, Lauren Bacall ... Included also were artists Georgia OKeeffe and Frida Kahlo, photographers Margaret Bourke-White and Dorothea Lange, dancers Martha Graham and Isadora Duncan, poet Maya Angelou, and writer Ann Landers. Sports figures included  Babe Didrickson, Gertrude Ederle, Sonja Henie, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Wilma Rudolph, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, and Nadia Comenici. Aviator Amelia Earhart and astronaut Lt. Eileen Collins were listed, as was scientist Marie Curie,  fashion designer Coco Chanel,  executive Katharine Graham, and the created figure of Rosie the Riveter. Women known for their activism or political involvements also appear.  These included  Gloria Steinem, editor of Ms. Magazine, Rosa Parks, Margaret Sanger, Jane Addams, Ann Richards, Alice Paul, Helen Keller, Annie Sullivan, Carrie Chapman Catt,  Rachel Carson, Betty Friedan, Phyllis Schlafly, Marian Wright Edelman, Anita Hill (the transcript calls her Anita Thomas at one point!), Mother Teresa, Margaret Mead, Madeleine Albright. First Ladies Eleanor Roosevelt, Jacqueline Kennedy, Betty Ford, and Hillary Rodham Clinton  were highlighted, along with Princess Diana and  Hjeads of state Indira Gandhi, Golda Meir, and Margaret Thatcher. And, though she professes embarrassment to be included: Barbara Walters  herself. Has the world changed with the impact of these women? Yes. Does it need to change more? Gloria Steinem says, in the special: But the problem is that when I go around and speak on campuses, I still donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get young men standing up and saying, How can I combine career and family? Added: Jane Fonda Though Jane Fonda is not a major theme in the book or special, a long-term after-effect of the special is the email chain which has evolved over the years,  accusing Jane Fonda of betraying American POWs in Vietnam.  The emails continue to be circulated, often demanding that the 1999 Barbara Walters book or special be stopped.  Some of them have mentioned this review and its author as a supposed co-writer of Walters book.  (This author was not involved in the book, just this review.) In about 2009, the emails evolved to allege that President Barack Obama was a co-writer of the book. Information on the Book 100 Most Important Women of the 20th Century by Kevin Markey, Ladies Home Journal Books, Lorraine Glennon, Myrna Blyth (Introduction), Barbara Walters. Featured in the April 1999 Barbara Walters special, this book is heavy on the entertainers but is itself an entertaining look at the women of the century.

What is a Tree Diameter Tape

The diameter and height of a tree must be known before you can manage a forest full of trees or determine their value for forest products. A tree diameter measurement, also called dbh measurement, is always done on the upside of standing trees and demands exact measurements at a specific point on the tree. Two instruments are often used to measure tree diameter - a steel diameter tape (d-tape) or a tree caliper, a popular steel tape widely used by foresters is the Lufkin Artisan which will accurately measure the most trees in North America to one-tenth of an inch. It is a 3/8 wide steel tape with a length of twenty feet housed in a tough vinyl-covered steel case. Why Determine a Trees Diameter Foresters use tree diameter measurements (along with heights of trees using hypsometers) when determining usable wood volume in standing trees. The trees diameter is important to determine volume when trees are sold for pulp, lumber or hundreds of other volume determinations. A steel d-tape carried in a foresters vest makes for fast, efficient and accurate dbh measurements. A trees diameter can be taken in several ways depending on the required degree of accuracy necessary. The most accurate tool used in making a diameter measurement is a tree caliper and is used most often in exacting tree studies. They are too cumbersome for fast field estimations of tree volume. A third method in measuring dbh is using a Biltmore stick. This cruisers stick is a scaled ruler that is held at arms length (25 inches from the eye) and horizontal to the trees dbh. The left end of the stick is aligned with the outer tree edge and the reading is taken where the opposite edge intersects the stick. This is the least accurate method of the three and should be used only for rough estimates. The Diameter Tape and Volume Tables Tree volume tables are developed to provide an estimated volume of wood in a standing tree for a certain product by simply measuring the diameter and height. Tables are typically developed with diameters listed along the right side of the matrix and heights along the top. Running the diameter row to the correct height column will give you the estimated wood volume. Tools used to measure the heights of trees are called hypsometers. Clinometers are the height tool of choice for foresters and Suunto makes one of the best. The traditional measurement is taken at diameter breast height (dbh) or 4.5 feet above level ground. Using a Tree Diameter Tape A diameter tape has an inch scale and a diameter scale printed on a steel tape. The diameter scale side is determined by the formula, circumference divided by pi or 3.1416. You wrap the tape level around a trees trunk at 4.5 feet dbh and read the diameter side of the tape for the tree diameter determination.

Great Gatsby Vs. The American Dream Essay - 2136 Words

Great Gatsby vs. The American Dream/Materialism How do we define this ideology of the American Dream? Society has formulated this idea over time. We as people have chosen to base our lives around it and make it our goal to try and achieve something that in all honesty is just this abstract idea that we as have chosen to believe and chase over time. Due to society following this ideology, people have grown to believe that happiness can only be achieved after they have reached the American Dream. You see these advertisements for products that make you think if you don’t own that specific product than you are not going to achieve the American Dream. Media has managed to turn people into these materialistic beings that are just sitting there waiting to be told what to buy next. For my paper I will be analyzing the film The Great and focus primarily on this idea of materialism and more specifically how this American Dream myth and ideology plays into it. Why does the media want us to believe that happiness is derived from the â€Å"stuff† we buy and not the things we already have? Page twenty-four in the textbook says, â€Å"Book, films, and television shows do not just spontaneously occur: all are created as products to be bought and sold in a greater system of commodity exchange.† (Ott. 24) The film The Great Gatsby is pretty much the epitome of what the American Dream myth really is and expresses this notion of materialism throughout it. Surprisingly the film’s main protagonist is notShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe World of Imagination Dreams are an escape from reality to a world of imagination that is ideal for someone. However, we get overwhelmed with our fantasies, we lose touch with reality. In the text, â€Å"Is The Great Gatsby the Most Overrated Literary Novel of All Time,† Daniel Honan argues that the classic American novel, The Great Gatsby is an overrated novel in his opinion. Honan challenges his claim on the novel by questioning, should his book be considered an American classic? Author, F.ScottRead MoreThe American Dream : F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby739 Words   |  3 PagesMcGarry English III 3 February 2017 The American Dream The American Dream is a recurring theme in Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby. The American Dream is all about starting with nothing and making your way to achieve millions of dollars and â€Å"happiness.† In The Great Gatsby, by showing Gatsby’s tragic flaw, his belief that money will buy Daisy’s love, Fitzgerald in a way criticizes the American dream. Fitzgerald exudes this image of corruption in the American Dream through aspects of wealth, relationshipsRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And F. Scott Fitzgerald959 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the American dream? The American Dream to me would be a family, loyal husband, good paying job and most of all my health. But my perspective of the American Dream and other people/authors perspective could be viewed very differently. Frederick Douglass and F. Scott Fitzgerald both have very different views of their American Dream. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was published in 1995 by Frederick Douglass himself, his book walks through his life as a slave. Douglass was bornRead MoreIt Was Only Just a Dream in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby950 Words   |  4 PagesThe great American dream influenced the lives and literature of American history. The dream that everyone has the equal opportunity to reach their highest potential, no matter their living situation or social position at birth, is something that Americans wished to fulfill. Americans created a materialistic ideal for American life that for some was not possible to attain, and not possible to maintain. While trying to reach or uphold this ideal based on money and the social ladder, Americans becameRead MoreThe American Dream In The Great Gatsby Analysis1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald contains many themes; however, the most noteworthy one identifies the American dream. This Dream likewise speaks t o that people, regardless of who he or she is, can emerge to rich in life through their own works. The dream is spoken to with the aid of the mind of an unbiased man or woman, who strives to perform an objective to become tremendously effective. The Great Gatsby is a novel that indicates what happened to the American Dream in the 1920s, which wasRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1566 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Andres (A major theme in The Great Gatsby is the pursuit of what you make of the American dream.) This represents the idea of the American Dream, where qualities of hard work and ambition are shown. The novel The Fitzgerald embodies many themes; however the most significant one relates to the corruption of the American dream. The American Dream is defined as someone starting low on the economic or social level, and working hard towards prosperity and or wealth and fame. By having money, aRead MoreExamples Of Naturalism In The Great Gatsby1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthe money in the world could not make Jay Gatsby happy because he lived in West Egg and never grew up having money, so having it wouldn’t mean anything to him. Daisy on the other hand, lived in East egg so they grew up with completely different childhoods. The Great Gatsby, by Scott F. Fitzgerald, is about what life used to be like in the 1920’s, especially for social climbers. Jay Gatsby is a great example of someone trying to live out the American Dream. In America, we’ve believed that by wor kingRead MoreEffects Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1306 Words   |  6 Pagesliving the American dream of success, freedom, and happiness if they work hard enough. However, the way to obtain such dream is different for every person. Each individuals social class, beliefs, and views in life determine the way they will achieve the American dream. Sometimes the way a person goes about obtaining their dream does more harm than good. The Great Gatsby is a novel that shows what happened to the American Dream in the 1920’s, which is a day and age when the dream wound up corruptedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1546 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of the American Dream is where individuality of hard work and enthusiasm are shown. The novel The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald demonstrates many themes; however the most noteworthy one relates to the breach of the American dream. The American Dream is defined as someone who is preliminary on the economic rank, and sticking it out until they achieve full prosperity. By having money, cars, houses, nice clothes and a happy family this illustrates the American dream. This dream also stands forRead MoreThe American Dream In The Great Gatsby Analysis1367 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of the American Dream, where qualities of hard work and ambition are shown. The novel The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald embodies many themes; however the most significant o ne relates to the corruption of the American dream. The American Dream is defined as someone starting low on the economic or social level, and working hard towards prosperity and or wealth and fame. By having money, a car, a big house, nice clothes and a happy family symbolizes the American dream. This dream also represents

To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis Free Essays

Themes play an important role in the novel for it presents the main dead or the underlying meaning of the literary work. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the themes are made to surface through the shared feelings and attitudes of the main characters like Scout, Gem and Tactics Finch. The characters’ thoughts and conversations, especially the ideas which are repeated in several dialogue exchanges and their actions in significant events also develop the novel’s themes. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The novel presents the oldest yet timeless conflict between good versus evil. This is evident in most situations and conversations which explored human morality and the innateness of oddness and evilness of people in the society. Tactics Finch represents the moral voice of the novel because he believes that people have aspects of both good and evil, but good will always prevail. He has never lost his faith on the goodness of man amidst the fact that man has also the tendency to do bad things. In the novel, he struggles to defend a black man of false accusation in a racist society but he never gives up and firmly holds on unto the idea that someday the truth and the good will overpower racism in their community. The same theme is manifested through the experiences of Scout and Gem. Tactics, their father, teaches them to believe in the goodness of all people and values and morals guide everyone in their actions but as the story progresses, both children are exposed to the reality that the world isn’t really that perfect. Their innocence is stripped away from them through several incidents that made them think twice of their father’s belief. Scout, in the beginning, is an innocent and good -hearted little girl who has no experience with the evils of the world but as she encounters racial discrimination in their town, she starts to get confused and questions everything around her. Gem, n the other hand, is older and in the midst Of entering puberty but the effect of the societal prejudice to a convicted black man is much graver compared to Scout’s. Gem gets frustrated and disappointed to the harsh reality that sometimes justices will not prevail. This leaves him vulnerable and traumatized in an important facet of his life. Harper Lee manages to exhibit children’s transition from innocence to maturity. She intelligently portrayed the fact that at some point in time in a significant event, children will be bound to graduate from their innocence and learn the facts about life and its imperfections. With children as the main characters in the novel, education is but obvious for a theme. In the initial chapters, the novel discusses the difference between institutionalized education and education at home. A conflict emerges as Miss Caroline scolds her for being too advance for their class. Scout gets disappointed for being punished because she is taught well in home by her father and their black servant. Miss Caroline even reminds Scout to tell her father that he shouldn’t teach his child because he doesn’t really know how to. He is in no position to teach for he is not a teacher. This conflict shows criticism to institutionalized education. This presents the conceitedness of teachers and the curriculum in providing education to learners. The system is too strict and traditional in their pedagogies thus resulting to ineffectiveness in developing and molding a child’s intelligence and ability. Clearly, Lee expresses a lack of belief in the Institutionalized educational system. Furthermore, this makes one realize that true education is not experienced in school but outside it. Education shouldn’t be limited in the four walls of the classroom; instead it should be brought out to the outside world where reality and life lessons are best learned through experience. The novel also presents moral education in question. Scout believes that she learns moral lessons best in home rather in school. Her teachers appear to be hypocritical as they teach things that are not even true in reality. Scout notices this most obviously when learning about the Holocaust. Miss Gates explains that such oppression of one group of people could never happen in the United States however racial discrimination to black people is very evident in their town. Scout sees conflict with the lesson aught by Miss Gates when she heard her talk about black people and say : â€Å"time somebody taught them a lesson, they thought they was getting’ way above themselves, an’ the next thing they think they can do is marry us. This makes Scout doubt her education and rather listen to her father than to attend school. Hypocrisy is apparent in the system. The teachers breach what they teach thus emphasizing the incompetence and ineffectiveness of instruction provided by the educational institutions. This further implies that moral education and good values are not necessary best taught in school. Sometimes, it is best learned from other places like ones home. In a town of Macomb, Alabama, Lee i llustrates the complexities of social hierarchy. The well-off Finches are near the top of the pyramid, the Cunningham family are mere farmers thus Stay in the higher bottom above the white-trash Lowell family. These social statuses greatly confuse the children especially the rules that come along with them. Because of the structure, the children are prop bibbed to mingle with other families who are lesser in standing. This frustrates them most especially Scout because she ants to choose her own friends based on her definition of what makes a good person and not because of family income. The novel presents the dilemma of social inequality. The story takes place during the Great Depression thus social standing is as important as survival. People battle with society rules and structure. Lee exhibits how injustice and partiality divides a community and hinders human interaction thus contributing nothing but negativity to the people and the society as a whole. Racism, which is closely related to social inequality, is another focus of the novel. Harper Lee creates Macomb as a town separated by race. Harper Lee shows the bitterness that remains in the whites five decades after the end of slavery. This bitterness is best illustrated by the way that the way blacks are still oppressed, not by force but by fear and suppression. California, the Finch’s servant is to be exceptionally bright, she even teaches Scout to write in script, but because she is black and a woman she cannot land a better job. The whites belittle and harass the blacks because they firmly believe that they are greater and more superior. This racial tension foreshadows Tom Robinsons case. Right in the beginning, everybody knows that Tom is innocent but because he is a black man, the prejudice jury still convicted him guilty of harassing and raping a white woman. The conclusion of the Tom Robinsons case ends with Tom being shot repeatedly while trying to escape despite his injury. Racism is considered as a social disease. It brings out the evil nature of man as prejudice and discrimination overpowers conscience and moral code. It is through this novel that people are made to understand how nobody can ever benefit from racism. It only causes the creation of walls teen people thus hindering relationships and interactions to blossom. Lee shows the significance of human perspective in the processing of events and solving of problems. The character’s outlook in life is deemed important in the development of the story and how each managed to understand the situation. In the novel, Tactics encourages Scout and Gem to be more considerate of other people and understand their situations. The children shouldn’t immediately judge as it is not fair to the others. Tactics urges his children to try to step into other people’s shoes to understand how they see he world: â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . Until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. † This lesson helps Scout gain insight into how other people view life and the world. Moreover, this broadens her moral education and social understanding. This theme was evident when Tactics requires Gem to go to Mrs.. Double’s house to read to her as punishment for cutting all the flowers in her front yard. Gem didn’t like Mrs.. Dubos and claims that she is an awful woman. Tactics tells Gem and Scout to try to understand Mrs.. Double’s point of view. She is an old woman, very set her in ways, and she is entirely alone in the world. Gem and Scout agree to visit her and from that experience, they understood how she felt because they were able to see the world from her perspective. Scout applies her father’s lesson when she meets Boo Raddled, a black man who kept himself hidden from the public because of the unjust and prejudice treatment. After she walks him home, Scout stands on Boob’s porch and imagines many of the events of the story (Tactics shooting the mad dog the children finding Boob’s presents in the oak tree) as they must have looked to Boo. She then last realizes the love and protection that he has silently offered her and Gem all along. Scout’s ability to assume another person’s perspective sympathetically is the culmination of the novel. The final theme and probably the most significant is the mockingbird which represents the idea of innocence. Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. † That was the only time I ever heard Tactics say it was a sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maude about it. â€Å"Your father’s right,† she said. â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy .. .But sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. † When Scout and Gem receive arraigns fo r Christmas, Tactics tells them that although he would prefer that they practice their shooting with tin cans, if they must shoot at living things, they must never shoot at mockingbirds. Tactics explains that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. Clearly, this is the title scene, but the theme continues throughout the book. Miss Maude explains why Tactics is correct – mockingbirds never do anyone any harm, and are not pests in any way. All they do is sing beautifully and live peacefully. Therefore, it is a sin to kill them. The mockingbird represents true goodness and purity. Tom Robinson is one example of a human â€Å"mockingbird†. He is accused of raping and beating Malay Lowell, but is innocent of the charges. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis, Papers

Databases and Information Systems Management Systems

Question: Discuss about the Databases and Information Systems for Management Systems? Answer: a: The system is expected to identify the students who are under risk of being withdrawn from the school due to poor academic performance rather than completing their course of studies. Hence, the system must record and process the following data, (Gorman, 2014) Personal records of the students, including their names, date of births, address, contact details and so on. Details of the courses enrolled by the student. Like course name, course fees, starting date, duration and so on. Details of the performance of the students in the enrolled courses. For example, credits achieved, results and so on. Weekly progress details for each enrolled course, in terms of term results, attendance and attentiveness, timely delivery of assignments and so on. It will also include details of the assignments, final project of each course and for each student enrolled in a course. b: The sources of the student, course and the performance data can be fetched from the other information systems and from different feedback forms filled by instructors, student record files from the university, performance tracking system and so on (Haav Kalja, 2013). c: The logical database design is, References: Gillenson, M. L. (2011). Fundamentals of Database Management Systems. John Wiley Sons. Gorman, M. M. (2014). Database Management Systems. Butterworth-Heinemann. Haav, H.-M., Kalja, A. (2013). Databases and Information Systems II. Springer . Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., Sudarshan, S. (2011). Database System Concepts (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Old English Terminology Essay Example For Students

Old English Terminology Essay Present days English language has changed in many ways in the past 350 to 1600 years. The way words are pronounciated and written have changed the most. I have chosen the subjects of sports and games because both have altered in both of these manners. By looking at the words I am going to describe, you will able to see how modern people have came up with our own way of saying the same item. Sports are now being called different names then when they were originated, but the games have almost stayed the same. For example, what we call two chickens fighting to the death is a cockfight. During old England, the called the same fight a Shrove Tuesday(www.regia.org/games). There were slight differentials though, in where kids would bring these angry chickens to school and the schoolmaster would control the fights. Some minor changes in the language were words like billiard, which was spelled billard (Hendrickson, page 23), or javelin, which was known as gafeluc(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/vocab). Board games were also a favorite pastime of children and adults alike. The most played games were tafl (www.regia.org/games), which was virtually checkers with a few special pieces that had more options on the board. Tafl literally meant table. Brannantafl, hnefatafl, and hraeotafl were all variations of the special game of checkers, except there were a few variations of the rules depending o n where you were in the country. Chess, however, was by far the most popular game of the time. In the 1200s, it was spelled hchestafl(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/) but it had the same rules that we use today. Other pastimes of the era included knatteleik, kingy-bats, and skofuleik, which were all violent versions of hockey and hurling combined (www.regia.org/images/Tiberius/).Some less violent sports played in about 1000 were swimming. Swimming of course had been around until man realized that he could float to a certain extent, but during this time period, swimming hit a high of participation and spectating. They also had variations in this sport too, in which you were allowed to try to drown your opponent, and if you lost you were sometimes killed or you had to pay the winner a certain wage. Other water contests included seeing who could hold their breath longer under water and having races in which you were forced into carrying things across water in full armor without help. The swimmers were known as fleotend (www.regia.org/ansaxdat/vocab/). Their want for extreme conditions reminded me of early Romans growing rowdy over gladiators who were also faced against improbable odds. Some of the more fun and interesting games that the English used to play were skin-pulling(www.mun.ca/ansaxdat/). A form of tug-of-war, they used animal skin instead of a rope and they used to play over a fire, which made each man fight even harder not to lose. Though the origins of these words that I have described happened 350-1600 years ago, the actual word has not drastically changed for the most part. These sports and games were a great example of how time changes the words into current understandable words like chess and billiards.It was a great when it happened, for it showed the progress in humans to make changes to something that had been done to them, and it showed how we thought of some new exciting games such as skin pulling and the swimming competitions. All together, the world and its languages benefited between Old England and the Renaissance, helping insure, the growth of the English language. Bibliography: